Biology Freshman Finals 1

Question 1

Organisms come in a different forms:

Answer 1

Plants Animals EuBacteria Archaea Fungi Protozoa

Question 2

Spontaneous Generation -

Answer 2

the idea that living things could come from nonliving things

Question 3

evidence that all living things must come from other living things is known as:

Answer 3

the theory of BIOGENESIS

Question 4

Cells -

Answer 4

the smallest unit of life

Question 5

Unicellular =

Answer 5

1 celled

Question 6

Multicellular =

Answer 6

many celled

Question 7

Sexual =

Answer 7

DNA from 2 different parents

Question 8

Asexual =

Answer 8

single parent (cloning, budding)

Question 9

Genetic Code –

Answer 9

instructions (DNA) found in all living things. Living things require energy.

Question 10

Heterotrophs -

Answer 10

(animals) obtain energy from eating other living things

Question 11

Autotrophs -

Answer 11

(plants) obtain energy from the sun.

Question 12

Living things RESPOND to the environment.

Answer 12

A response is a reaction to a STIMULUS

Question 13

Plants respond to_____ &_____ to maintain internal balance

Answer 13

light and gravity

Question 14

Homeostasis =

Answer 14

maintaining constant internal conditions (sameness)

Question 15

Homeostasis is maintained using a system of_____

Answer 15

FEEDBACK LOOPS in the body

Question 16

Adaptation -

Answer 16

the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes better able to live in a habitat or habitats

Question 17

Group-

Answer 17

and assembly of animals plants or microrganisms having the same distinctive features which identify them from others

Question 18

Individual-

Answer 18

one genome and one body

Question 19

Physical characteristic -

Answer 19

observable features of an organism such as size, color, shape, etc., determined by genes and environment influences

Question 20

Behavioral characteristic -

Answer 20

those actions that are observed and organisms throughout their species, it is inherited through learning and instincts

Question 21

Nutrition -

Answer 21

the process of taking in food and converting it into energy and other vital nutrients required for life

Question 22

Energy -

Answer 22

the availability to produce change or perform work

Question 23

Kilocalorie-

Answer 23

the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one KG of water by 1°C

Question 24

Prey -

Answer 24

an animal, which is hunted by another animal for food

Question 25

Predator-

Answer 25

an organisms that hunt and kill other organisms for food

Question 26

Competition-

Answer 26

an interaction between organisms or species in which both require a resource that is in limited supply

Question 27

Species-

Answer 27

a group of organisms that consist of similar individual capable of interpreting or exchanging genes among themselves

Question 28

Abiotic factor-

Answer 28

a nonliving part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment

Question 29

Biotic factor -

Answer 29

the living components that shape of the environment

Question 30

Diversity -

Answer 30

the variety of life on earth at all its levels from genes to Ecosystems

Question 31

Herbivore -

Answer 31

an organism that feeds mostly on plants

Question 32

Carnivore-

Answer 32

an organism that mostly eats meat or the flesh of animals

Question 33

Omnivore-

Answer 33

an organism that eats plants and animals

Question 34

Trophic level-

Answer 34

the position of an organism in the food chain

Question 35

Detritivores -

Answer 35

a type of heterotroph or organism that consumes dead and a king organic matter known as detritus to obtain energy and nutrients

Question 36

Producers-

Answer 36

organisms that make their own food

Question 37

Consumers-

Answer 37

an organism that cannot produce its own food and must eat other plants and or animals to get energy

Question 38

Food chain-

Answer 38

a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another

Question 39

Food web-

Answer 39

consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem

Question 40

Ecosystem-

Answer 40

a community of living things plants animals microbes in a particular area.

Question 41

Niche -

Answer 41

the behaviors and physical traits that help an organism reduce competition. The role of the organism and their population that increases survival for themselves and the species as a whole

Question 42

Molecules-

Answer 42

groups of atoms, bonded together that form a comp compound, they have a specific ratio of atoms in their formula macromolecule, a really large molecule made of hundreds of thousands of atoms

Question 43

Organic-

Answer 43

refers to molecules made by living things/organisms organic molecules are based on the element carbon the four groups of macromolecules organic molecules

Question 44

Inorganic-

Answer 44

refers to molecules made by nonliving abiotic processes

Question 45

Monomer -

Answer 45

monomers are the basic units of polymers

Question 46

Polymer-

Answer 46

the long chains monomer that form macromolecules

Question 47

Glucose-

Answer 47

small, monomer, sugars of carbohydrates starch, or cellular polymers Starch polymer carbohydrate made of thousands of glucose, monomers energy stored in plants.

Question 48

Carbohydrate-

Answer 48

micro molecules used for quick energy include simple sugars

Question 49

Fats-

Answer 49

macro mole molecules group use for stored energy include simple oils, and waxes made of fatty acids and glycerol

Question 50

proteins-

Answer 50

macromolecules use group for structures, and enzymes made of amino acid monomer

Question 51

Nucleic acid-

Answer 51

macromolecule group used for genetic information made of nucleotide monomers

Question 52

Digestion-

Answer 52

breaking down of molecules into smaller parts Nutrient absorption process of taking a material and making part of the body

Question 53

Dentition-

Answer 53

the teeth of an animal

Question 54

Metabolic rate-

Answer 54

the speed at which molecules are built up or broken down

Question 55

Ectotherm-

Answer 55

an animal that controls its temperature by using external energy, called cold blooded

Question 56

Endotherm-

Answer 56

an animal that controls its temperature by releasing heat from its food internally called warm blooded

Question 57

element-

Answer 57

only one kind of atom

Question 58

Compound-

Answer 58

multiple types of atoms

Question 59

Protons-

Answer 59

positive

Question 60

Neutrons-

Answer 60

neutral

Question 61

Electrons-

Answer 61

negative

Question 62

Outer electron-

Answer 62

called valence electrons

Question 63

What is the make up of Carbohydrates? Function? Monomers/Polymers called?

Answer 63

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms. Their function is the main source of energy. Their monomers are called monosaccharides. Their polymers are called polysaccharides.

Question 64

What is the make up of Lipids?Function? Monomers/Polymers called?

Answer 64

Carbon, hydrogen, and a little oxygen. Their function is used to store, energy waterproofing, and used by cells to create the membrane. They are not soluble and liquids because they are non-polar their monomer are fatty acids their polymer are triglycerides

Question 65

What is the make up of Nucleic Acids?Function? Monomers/Polymers called?

Answer 65

Carbon hydrogen, oxygen nitrogen, and phosphate. The monomers are called nucleotides and their polymers are called. Rebonucleic acid and deoxynucleic acid. They function as a store and transmit genetic information.

Question 66

What is the make up of Proteins? Function? Monomers/Polymers called?

Answer 66

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Their function is to control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. They form bones and muscles transport substances in and out of cells and fight disease

Question 67

Biogeochemical cycles -

Answer 67

recycling of matter

Question 68

Water cycle water moves from the atmosphere to the geosphere. This includes:

Answer 68

condensation, precipitation, transpiration, and evaporation.

Question 69

The carbon cycle carbon enters the atmosphere from:

Answer 69

decomposition, respiration, animal waste products, burning and combustion, and photosynthesis

Question 70

Photosynthesis formula-

Answer 70

6C02+ 6H2O > 602+ C6H 1206

Question 71

Cellular respiration formula-

Answer 71

C6 H 1206+602> 6C02+ 6H2O

Question 72

602+ C6H 1206 is

Answer 72

glucose and is used for energy to grow maintain life

Question 73

Symbiosis –

Answer 73

two species live in contact

Question 74

parasitism-

Answer 74

one good one bad

Question 75

Commensalism -

Answer 75

one good no difference

Question 76

Mutualism-

Answer 76

both good

Question 77

Growth rate-

Answer 77

how the population size changes

Question 78

Population growth equals:

Answer 78

birth rate - death rate emmigrants - immigrants

Question 79

Exponential growth occurs:

Answer 79

under ideal conditions. The population increases quickly.

Question 80

Logistical growth:

Answer 80

growth, slows, or stops

Question 81

Carrying capacity-

Answer 81

the number and environment can support

Question 82

Limits to growth are density which are dependent factors which include:

Answer 82

competition disease and overcrowding density in independent factors are weather changes

Question 83

Predator prey relationships-

Answer 83

population fluctuates, prey numbers go up predators go up, vice versa

Question 84

Geographic range-

Answer 84

the area where our population lives

Question 85

Density-

Answer 85

the number of individuals in an area

Question 86

Distribution-

Answer 86

is how organisms are spaced they can either be clumped, random or uniform

Question 87

Demography-

Answer 87

is the study of human populations

Question 88

Age structure diagrams -

Answer 88

compare population at each age group

Question 89

When measuring populations, you can either use:

Answer 89

random sampling or mark and recapture

Question 90

gene-

Answer 90

is a segment of DNA, located on the chromosomes. It carries hereditary instructions from parent to offspring. A gene codes for a protein that leads to characteristics.

Question 91

allele-

Answer 91

is one specific form of a gene, differing from other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of the gene.