Biology June 2018 Higher Tier Past Paper Questions Flashcards
(38 cards)
A plant seedling received bright light from one side. As a result it bends towards the light.
Q1. Name this response to light.
(1 mark)
Phototropism
A plant seedling received bright light from one side. As a result it bends towards the light.
Q2. Name the Plant Hormone that brings about this response.
(1 mark)
Auxin
A plant seedling received bright light from one side. (As a result it bends towards the light. - See screenshots)
Explain how this response is brought about.
(2 marks)
If a shoot is grown with light coming from only one direction, auxins move to the shaded side of the shoot (leading to the uneven distribution of Auxin). As a result, the auxins cause the cells on the shaded side of the shoot to elongate more, which in turn causes the shoot to grow towards the light.
Give one commercial use of plant hormones.
1 mark
Any 1 of the following;
- Rooting powder
- Weed killer
- Tissue culture
- Stimulation of flowering
- Fruit formation
What is the role of a producer in a food web?
2 marks
- Make own food/Photosynthesis
- Provides food for other animals in web.
The bar graph shows the energy needed per day by different people. (See screenshots)
Name three factors that affect the energy needs of different people.
(6 marks)
Gender, age and activity are determinants of total energy expenditure. As a result our energy requirements vary with recommendations expressed both as energy units per day and energy per kilogram of body weight (another determining factor).
Gender - Adult males carry more muscle mass than females meaning their BMR is higher. Muscles burns more calories than fat which is why more energy will be required. (Teenage boy needs 16 000 kJ, teenage girl needs 12 000 kJ/man doing light work needs 13 800 kJ, woman doing light work needs 11 800 kJ)
Age - Children and adolescents need energy for growth and development which is significantly reduces as body composition changes due to a loss of muscle mass with age. (5-year-old needs 8000 kJ, teenage girl needs 12 000 kJ)
Activity - Those who are active need more energy than Sedentary people as they burn a large proportion of their Caloric Intake. (Man doing light work needs 13 800 kJ, man doing heavy work needs 20 000 kJ.)
Name muscle X.
(Runs between the ribs, help form and move the chest wall)
(1 mark)
Intercostal Muscle
Photograph B was taken during breathing out.
Give two pieces of evidence from photograph B to support this statement.
(2 marks)
E.g.
- Diaphragm moved up/domed shape.
- Ribs move down/in; [1]
- Chest/lung volume decreased.
Photograph C shows a Lung Model. (See screenshots)
Q1. Describe and explain how the lung model can be used to demonstrate breathing in.
(4 marks)
Rubber sheet (diaphragm) pulled down.
Volume inside bell jar (thorax) increases.
Pressure (inside bell jar) decreases.
Atmospheric air pressure forces air in (like the Lungs pull Oxygen in during inspiration).
Photograph C shows a Lung Model. (See screenshots)
Q2. Describe one way the process of breathing in, as demonstrated by this model, differs from the action of the respiratory system.
(1 mark)
Bell jar does not move/rib cage moves.
The diagram shows the action of an enzyme. (See screenshots)
Use the diagram to help describe the theory of enzyme action (Enzyme-substrate complex)
(4 marks)
- Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts (speed up without being used themselves).
- Active site found on the Enzyme is complementary in shape to 1 substrate. They are substrate specific and work on the substrate, to form products.
- The Substrate connects to the Active Site on the Enzyme to form Enzyme-Substrate Complexes.
- The substrate is broken down or built up and products are released. The Enzyme is free to act again.
- This theory is known as the ‘lock and key model’ which explains why each enzyme will only work on one substrate.
A pupil carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of pH on the rate of reaction of two different enzymes, A and B.
The table shows the results. (See screenshots)
Q2. Describe and explain how these enzymes are affected by pH. Give data from the graph to support your answer.
(3 marks)
Different Optimum pH;
A = 3
B = 8
Enzyme A has become denatured.
The diagram shows changes in a person’s blood glucose level after eating a meal rich in carbohydrate. (See screenshots)
Explain why the blood glucose level increases after eating a meal rich in carbohydrates.
(2 marks)
Carbohydrates once digested become Glucose which once absorbed into the Blood increases the Blood Glucose levels.
Name hormone A and target organ B. (See screenshots)
Hormone A released into Target Organ B after Blood Glucose levels increase.
(2 marks)
Insulin and Liver
Explain how hormone A (Insulin) decreases the blood glucose level.
(2 marks)
Any 2 from;
- (Increased) Uptake of Glucose by Liver.
- Glucose converted to Glycogen.
- Increased respiration.
The table shows the number of adults with diabetes in Northern Ireland. (See screenshots)
Calculate the percentage change in the number of adults with diabetes from 2004–5 to 2010–11.
Show your working.
2004-5 results: 51541
2010-11 results: 72693
(3 marks)
72693 - 51541 = 21152
21152 / 5141 = 4.1
X 100 = 41
Ans: 41%
Suggest two reasons for this change in the number of adults with diabetes.
(2 marks)
- Obesity
- Lack of exercise
Give one long-term effect of diabetes.
1 mark
Give 1 of the following; Eye damage Kidney failure Stroke Heart disease
Describe one cost to society of diabetes.
1 mark
Give 1 of the following;
- Treatment cost
- Lack of work force
- Cost of benefits
A pupil carried out an experiment to measure the concentration of vitamin C in orange juice. 1 cm^3 of the DCPIP was placed in a test tube and the volume of orange juice required to decolourise it was recorded.The experiment was repeated three times. Results are shown in the table. (See screenshots)
In a separate experiment carried out with a standard vitamin C solution, 0.1 mg of vitamin C was needed to decolourise 1 cm^3 DCPIP.
Experiment
- = 0.76 (Volume of orange juice needed to decolourise 1 cm3 DCPIP/cm3)
- = 0.48 (Volume of oj needed to decolourise 1 cm3 DCPIP/cm3)
- = 0.74 (Volume of oj needed to decolourise 1 cm3 DCPIP/cm3)
Calculate the average concentration of vitamin C in 1 cm^3 orange juice. Show your working out.
(3 marks)
Average: (0.76 + 0.48 + 0.74) ÷ 3 = 0.66
0.1 ÷ 0.66
= 0.15
Ans: 0.15cm^3
Table results (also see screenshot):
Experiment
1. = 0.76 (Volume of orange juice needed to decolourise 1 cm3 DCPIP/cm3)
2. = 0.48 (Volume of oj needed to decolourise 1 cm3 DCPIP/cm3)
3. = 0.74 (Volume of oj needed to decolourise 1 cm3 DCPIP/cm3)
The pupil concluded that the results in the table were unreliable.
Use evidence from the table to suggest why.
(2 marks)
0.48 - anomaly result, does not fit the trend.
More repetitions are needed.
A pupil carried out an experiment to measure the concentration of vitamin C in orange juice. 1 cm^3 of the DCPIP was placed in a test tube and the volume of orange juice required to decolourise it was recorded.The experiment was repeated three times. Results are shown in the table. (See screenshots)
In a separate experiment carried out with a standard vitamin C solution, 0.1 mg of vitamin C was needed to decolourise 1 cm^3 DCPIP.
Suggest why the pupil found it difficult to decide when the DCPIP was decolourised.
(1 mark)
Difficult to see the colour change because of orange colour of juice.
The diagram shows a reflex arc. (See screenshots)
Name the Neurones A and B;
A seen in large complex X - CNS - in the System and B is seen travelling from the nerve in the hand.
(2 marks)
A - Association/ Relay
B - Sensory Neurone
Neurone B (Sensory Neurone) is long.
Describe and explain one other way Neurones are adapted to transmit electrical nerve impulses.
(4 marks)
Insulated/sheath - Speeds up impulses.
or
Branched ends - Connects with other neurones.
