Biology - Kingdom Characteristics, Superkingdoms and cells

Question 1

Which kingdoms are all unicellular?

Answer 1

Bacteria; protoctista

Question 2

Which kingdoms are multicellular?

Answer 2

Plants; animals

Question 3

Which kingdoms may contain chloroplasts?

Answer 3

Plants; protoctista

Question 4

Which kingdoms have a cell wall?

Answer 4

Plants; fungi; bacteria; protoctista

Question 5

Which kingdoms can be pathogenic?

Answer 5

Fungi; bacteria; protoctista; viruses

Question 6

Which kingdoms have a cell wall predominantly made up of chitin?

Answer 6

Fungi

Question 7

Which kingdoms contain mitochondria?

Answer 7

Plants; animals; fungi; protoctista

Question 8

Which kingdoms have a cell wall predominantly made up of cellulose?

Answer 8

Plants

Question 9

Which kingdoms may photosynthesise?

Answer 9

Plants; bacteria; protoctista

Question 10

Which kingdoms store carbohydrates as glycogen?

Answer 10

Animals; fungi; bacteria

Question 11

Which kingdoms store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose?

Answer 11

Plants

Question 12

Which kingdoms feed by saprotrophic nutrition?

Answer 12

Fungi; bacteria

Question 13

Which kingdoms may be multi or uni-cellular?

Answer 13

Fungi

Question 14

Which kingdoms may be utilised in industrial fermentation?

Answer 14

Fungi; bacteria

Question 15

Which kingdoms contain DNA and/or RNA?

Answer 15

Plants; fungi; animals; bacteria; protoctista; viruses (all)

Question 16

Which kingdoms contain larger ribosomes?

Answer 16

Plants; animals; fungi; protoctista

Question 17

Which kingdoms contain a membrane bound nucleus?

Answer 17

Plants; animals; fungi; protoctista

Question 18

Which kingdoms are used in the production of beer?

Answer 18

Plants; fungi

Question 19

Which kingdoms are used in the production of yoghurt?

Answer 19

Animals; bacteria

Question 20

Which kingdoms excrete waste?

Answer 20

Plants; animals; fungi; bacteria; protoctista

Question 21

Which kingdoms perform cellular replication?

Answer 21

Plants; animals; fungi; bacteria; protoctista

Question 22

What is a prokaryote

Answer 22

A cell that is commonly small, and lack a membrane bound nucleus or membrane bound organelles. The most common example is bacteria.

Question 23

What is a eukaryote

Answer 23

Cells that have a membrane bound nucleus (the cells of all living organisms except bacteria).

Question 24

How is Yoghurt Produced?

Answer 24

• Milk is pasteurised (at 85-95 degrees for 15-30 minutes) in order to kill any natural bacteria it contains.
• Milk is homogenised to disperse the fat globules.
• Milk is then cooled to 40 - 45 degrees and mixed with a culture of two species of bacteria (Lactobacillus and Streptococcus). The bacteria produce lactic acid and also start to digest the proteins. The pH drops to about 4.4 and the mixture thickens as the proteins denature.
• It is then cooled to 5 degrees and then other colourants and flavours are added.

Question 25

What is the organisation in organisms?

Answer 25

Organelles; cell; tissue; organ; organ system; organism.

Question 26

What is an organelle?

Answer 26

A specialised cellular part (e.g. Nucleus) that has a specific function.

Question 27

What is a cell?

Answer 27

The basic structural, functional and biological unit of all living organisms. (E.g. skin cell)

Question 28

What is a tissue?

Answer 28

Groups of cells that have a similar structure and act together to perform specific function (e.g. heart muscle tissue).

Question 29

What is an organ?

Answer 29

A group of tissues that perform a specific function or group of functions (e.g. heart)

Question 30

What is an organ system?

Answer 30

A group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions (e.g. respiratory system)

Question 31

What is the structure of a cell (plant and animal)?

Answer 31

*LOOK IT UP*

Question 32

What is the function of a cell membrane?

Answer 32

- The cell membrane acts as a barrier to the uncontrolled flow of water. - It is responsible for the controlled entry and exit of ions. - It is said to be 'semi-permeable'.

Question 33

What is the function of a nucleus?

Answer 33

- Communicates with surrounding cytosol and ribosomes regarding the production of proteins. - Responsible for providing the cell with its unique characteristics. - Carries the cell's genes.

Question 34

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 34

- 'Soup' of the substances and organelles in a cell. | - Anaerobic respiration takes place here.

Question 35

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 35

-Carries out aerobic respiration thus releasing energy (ATP).

Question 36

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 36

-Syntheses (produces) enzymes.

Question 37

What three organelles are found in plant cells, but not animal cells?

Answer 37

- Cell wall - Chloroplasts - Large (permanent) vacuole.

Question 38

What is the formula for actual size?

Answer 38

_I_ A | M Actual size= Image size / magnification. (Remember that when using scales, Image size is what you measure and actual size is what it says.)

Question 39

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 39

There are a few: - Storage (isolating harmful materials) - Helping maintain the pressure (structure) - Chemical Reactions

Question 40

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 40

- Structure | - Support (strength)

Question 41

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

Answer 41

Absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 42

What is the difference between the cell membrane and cell wall?

Answer 42

- The cell membrane 'chooses what comes in and out (semi-permeable) - Wheras the cell wall (made of cellulose) is for structure and support.

Question 43

What does autotrophic mean?

Answer 43

An organism that produces its own food source (e.g. plant).

Question 44

What does heterotrophic mean?

Answer 44

An organism that cannot synthesise their own food and rely on other organisms for food (e.g. animals).

Question 45

What does mixotrophic mean?

Answer 45

An organism that is both a heterotroph and an autotroph (e.g. a few protists)

Question 46

What is the order of classification?

Answer 46

``` Kingdom Phyla Class Order Family Genius Species ```