Biology MegaQuiz 12/13/24 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the 3 main stages of the cell cycle
Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis
What are the stages of Interphase
G1, S, and G2
What are the stages of Mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
“Disorganized” DNA in the nucleus during interphase
Chromatin
A condensed, X-shaped piece of DNA
Chromosome
Structure that is made of the centrioles and many microtubules
Spindle Apparatus
A structure that connects two chromatids to each other
Centromere
A chromosome that has two of these which are identical to each other
Chromatid
The area of the cell which is indented as one cell starts to split into two cells
Furrow
What is the difference between Cytokinesis and Mitosis
Cytokinesis is division of the whole cell, Mitosis is division of the nucleus
Why must DNA be replicated after Cytokinesis
So there is enough to redo the duplication process and to make another centriole
What happens in G1
The cell grows and prepares to copy the DNA, there is also a checkpoint to see if the DNA is damaged
What happens in the S phase
The cells DNA is replicated, which makes a second chromatid for each chromosome, and there is a checkpoint to see if the DNA is replicating correctly
What happens in G2
The ribosomes make tubulin so the cell can make microtubules during Mitosis and there is a checkpoint to see if all the DNA has been replicated
What happens in Prophase
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nucleus dissolves, and the centrioles move towards opposite poles, begin growing spindle fibers that then attach to all the chromosomes at the centromere
What happens in Metaphase
Motor proteins pull the chromosomes to the center of the cell and a checkpoint makes sure they are attached to the spindle fibers properly
What happens in Anaphase
The spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart
What happens during Telophase
The chromosomes arrive at opposite pulls where they are turned back into chromatin, then a nuclei reforms around both groups of DNA
Microtubules used by the Centrioles to pull the chromosomes apart during Mitosis
Spindle Fibers
What happens during Cytokinesis
A furrow forms and deepens until the cell splits into 2 cells with identical nuclei
