biology midterm Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
what is the initial observation the what just happened moment
A
observe and question
2
Q
an educated guess
A
hypothesis
3
Q
was the hypothesis correct or incorrect
A
conclusion
4
Q
carefully planned written step by step experiment
A
procedure/methods
5
Q
information collected during experiment
A
data
6
Q
gathering information prior to experimentation
A
research
7
Q
written description of what was noticed during the experiment
A
observations during experiment
8
Q
in an experiment the experimenter manipulates/changes the
A
independent variable
9
Q
smallest unit that can perform all of life’s processes
A
cell
10
Q
surface tension is a result of
A
hydrogen bonds
11
Q
carbon likes to bond 4 times by sharing electrons is called
A
covalent bond
12
Q
structures that carry out specialized jobs
A
organs
13
Q
process by which organism becomes a mature adult
A
development
14
Q
why did early biologists primarily study biology
A
learn about god
15
Q
the experimenter measures
A
dependent variable
16
Q
speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing amount of energy needed to begin the reaction
A
catalyst
17
Q
provides a normal standard against which the biologist can compare results
A
control group
18
Q
fire is what kind of a chemical reaction
A
exothermic
19
Q
groups of cells with similar abilities
A
tissue
20
Q
a paperclip can rest on the surface of the water due to … between water molecules
A
cohesion
21
Q
energy needed to begin a reaction
A
activation energy
22
Q
commonly referred to as cell organs
A
organelles
23
Q
made of a single atom that cannot be broken down any smaller
A
element
24
Q
electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in
A
orbitals
25
deuterium is a .. of water
isotope
26
cell division and enlargement results in
growth
27
i rest a specimen on this part of the microscope
stage
28
ice floats because it is ... dense than liquid water due to ...
less, hydrogen bonds
29
if a solution has more hydronium ions it will be somewhere between
0-7 ph
30
chemical reaction that absorbs heat
endothermic
31
what is the difference between experimental and control groups
experimental is compared to control
32
what are three themes of biology
interdependence
evolution
unity
33
what are the characteristics of life
```
reproduction
homeostasis
growth/development
change over time
organization
reproduction
metabolism
metamorphosis
```
34
often called the powerhouse of the cell
mitochondira
35
cell's main energy storage molecule
ATP
36
key component of protein synthesis, found on ER or floating
ribosomes
37
where are ribosomes found
rough ER or cytoplasm
38
where is DNA located
nucleus
39
garbage man of cell
lysosome
40
contains chlorophyll
chlorplast
41
brain of cell
nucleus
42
provide structure for cell
cytoskeleton
43
cell shape is related to its
function
44
phospholipid heads are
hyrophilic
45
cell size is limited by its
surface area: volume ratio
46
outer part of a plant cell composed of cellulose
cell wall
47
model describing semi solid nature of cell membrane
fluid mosaic
48
phospholipid tails are
hydrophobic
49
region of cell within plasma membrane
cytoplasm
50
outer porous surface of the cell acting as a barrier between interior and exterior
cell membrane
51
contrast eukaryote and prokaryote
prokaryote have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
52
3 components of modern cell theory
cells have organized parts
cells are basic units of structure and function
cells come from pre-existing cells
53
3 differences between animal and plant cells
plants have cell wall
plants have central vacuole
plants have chloroplasts with photosynthesis
54
movement of water across a membrane
osmosis
55
sodium chlorine channel is a method of diffusion via
ion channel
56
movement of molecules across cell membrane using energy
active transport
57
what drives a molecules speed of diffusion
kinetic enrgy
58
if the fluid outside the cell has a lower free water molecule concentration than inside the cell, then the outside fluid is ... and water diffuses ... the cell
hyper-tonic, out
59
what determines the direction of diffusion
relative concentration
60
if the fluid outside the cell has a higher free water molecule concentration than inside the cell, then the outside fluid is ... and water diffuses ... the cell
hypotonic, in
61
how do paramecia regulate their water concentration inside their
contractile vacuoles
62
in passive transport, molecules move ... their concentration gradient from ... concentration to ...
down, high, low
63
what is uniport
1 molecule type, both direction
64
what is symport
2 molecule types, same direction
65
what is antiport
2 molecule type, different directions
66
contrast pinocytosis and phagocytosis
pino: fluids in vesicles
phag: solids and large particles in vesicles
67
what are photosynthetic algae
autotroph
68
undersea organisms near hydro thermal vents are
chemosynthesis
69
in calvin cycle, co2 is incorporated and made into organic compounds via
carbon fixation
70
space inside thylakoid
thylakoid space
71
base of most terrestial and aquatic food webs
photosynthesis
72
predators and parasites are
heterotrophic
73
where do light reactions occur
thylakoid membrane
74
series of pigments embedded in proteins
photsystem
75
as temperature increases, photosynthesis
increases to a point then decreases
76
as co2 increases photosynthesis
increases then steady
77
where does calvin cycle occur
stroma
78
series of biological pathways
biological series
79
as light increases photosynthesis
increases then holds steady
80
round green disks found in chlorplast
thylakoid
81
2 main cycles of photosynthesis
light reactions
| calvin cycle
82
what does light reactions use and make
use light and co2 and makes atp, nadph, oxygen
83
calvin cycle use and make
use atp and nadph and makes glucose
84
what are 4 light reactions
water splitting
photosystem 2
photosystem 1
atp synthesis
85
pyruvic acid --> lactic acid, nad
lactic acid fermentation
86
glucose + oxygen --> pyruvic acid, atp, nadh
glycolysis
87
pyruvic acid + CoA --> Acetyl CoA --> co2 atp nadh fadh2
krebs cycle
88
nadh + fadh2 --> atp, h2o
electron transport chain
89
pyruvic acid --> ethyl alcohol and co2
alcohol fermentation
90
who performs cell respiration
heterotrophs and autotrophs
91
where does the krebs cycle occur
mitochondrial matrix
92
what are two process of cell respiration
glycolysis and aerobic respiration
93
anaerobic respiration cannot make
ATP
94
where is lactic acid produced
lactic acid fermentation
95
what are two processes of aerobic respiration
krebs cycle and electron transport chain
96
what process breaks down organic compounds and make ATP
cell respiration
97
what occurs when oxygen isn't present
fermentation
98
what does cell respiration require
oxygen
99
where is ethyl alcohol produced
alcohol fermentation
100
what is the primary function of nadh and fadh2
hold protons and electrons
101
where does the electron transport chain occur
mitochondria inner membrane
102
how are photosynthesis and cell respiration linked
photo uses h2o and co2 and produces atp and glucose. cell respiration produces atp, h2o, and co2 and uses atp and glucose
103
process of lactic acid
6 carbon --> glycol --> pyruvic --> 3 carbon (lactic) ........nad+ nadh + h+
104
process of ethyl alcohol
6 carbon --> glycol --> pyruvic --> co2
--> 2C (co2) --> 2c ethyl
nad+ nadh + h+
105
aerobic cell respiration summary part one
krebs cycle
in mitochondrial matrix
produces NADH
106
two turns of krebs
4 co2
2 atp
hydrogen --> 6 nadh, 2 fadh2
107
aerobic cell respiration summary part two
electron transport chain
located in inner membrane
nadh --> atp
final product is co2 and water and atp
