biology multicellular organisms pt1

Question 0

Specialised cells

Answer 0

Cells with a specific job

Question 1

Unspecialised cells

Answer 1

Cells with no specific job

Question 2

Red blood cell

Answer 2

Designed to carry oxygen
Found in blood
Large surface area for oxygen to pass through
Contains haemoglobin which joins with oxygen
Has no nucleus

Question 3

Neuron

Answer 3

Nerve cell
Long with connections at each end
Can carry electrical signals
Their job is to carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body

Question 4

Xylem tissue

Answer 4

Provides extra support for plant
Designed to carry water
Hollow tubes
Lignin spirals

Question 5

Stem cell advantages

Answer 5

Used for bone marrow transplantations

Used for a skin graft

Question 6

Stem cell disadvantages

Answer 6

Have to be obtained from a young human embryo

Some say this is murder

Question 7

Meristems

Answer 7

Special regions of cell division and growth

Question 8

Apical meristems

Answer 8

primary growth occurs here

Plant increases in height and length

Question 9

Lateral meristems

Answer 9

Secondary growth occurs here

Causes plant to thicken

Question 10

Cerebrum

Answer 10

Controls conscious thought and memory

Question 11

Cerebellum

Answer 11

Controls balance and movement

Question 12

Medulla

Answer 12

Controls breathing and heart rate

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

Controls regulation of water balance and body temperature

Question 14

Motor strip

Answer 14

Sends information to muscles that we control by conscious thought

Question 15

Sensory strip

Answer 15

Deals with all incoming information from senses

Question 16

Reflex arc

Answer 16

Sensory neurone
Relay neurone
Motor neurone

Question 17

Sensory neurone

Answer 17

Passes messages to the relay neurone from sense organs

Question 18

Relay neurone

Answer 18

Connect information from sensory neurones to motor neurones

Question 19

Motor neurones

Answer 19

Pass electrical impulses from relay neurones to effector muscles and glands

Question 20

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 20

Passed on by genetics
Insulin is injected as treatment
Pancreas produces no insulin

Question 21

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 21

Caused by lack of exercise and a bad diet
Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or cells don’t react to it (immunity)
Can be treated with lifestyle improvements

Question 22

Bodies optimum temperature

Answer 22

37 degrees Celsius

Question 23

If the body is too warm

Answer 23

Sweat glands release sweat

Question 24

If the body is too cold

Answer 24

Muscles contract rapidly to shiver

Question 25

Male gamete-plant

Answer 25

Made in anther, pollen

Question 26

Female gamete-plant

Answer 26

Ovule, made in the ovary

Question 27

Female gamete

Answer 27

Made in ovary

Question 28

Make gamete

Answer 28

Made in testes

Question 29

Human fertilisation

Answer 29

Takes place in the oviduct, when the egg and sperm fuse they form a zygote

Question 30

External fertilisation

Answer 30

Used by fish

Question 31

Pollination process

Answer 31

Wind or insects carry pollen grains to another plant where they release a pollen tube into the stigma, the male gamete travels down the pollen tube to fertilise with the female gamete in the ovule

Question 32

Asexual reproduction

Answer 32

Reproduction without the fusion of gametes

Question 33

Haploid

Answer 33

A cell with 23 single chromosomes

Question 34

Diploid

Answer 34

A cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 35

Function of insulin

Answer 35

Converts glucose to glycogen

Question 36

Hormones

Answer 36

Chemical messages

Question 37

Glucagon

Answer 37

Causes the liver to release more glucose into the blood