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GCSE Biology > Biology: Organisation > Flashcards

Biology: Organisation Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What is the order of organisation? (smallest to largest)

A

Cell–>Tissues–>Organs–>Organ System

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2
Q

What is a Tissue?

A

Group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function

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3
Q

What is an Organ?

A

Group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function

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4
Q

What is an Organ System?

A

Group of Organs that work together to perform a certain function

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5
Q

What is an Enzyme?

A

A Catalyst in the body that breaks down food substances

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6
Q

What is a Catalyst?

A

Substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction

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7
Q

What do Enzymes attach to?

A

Substrates

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8
Q

What is the name of theory relating to enzymes and substrates

A

Lock and Key Theory

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9
Q

What can happen to Enzymes at high temperatures?

A

Denatured

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10
Q

What enzyme converts Carbohydrates into Simple Sugars?

A

Carbohydrase

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11
Q

What enzyme converts Protein into Amino Acids?

A

Protease

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12
Q

What enzyme converts Lipids into Glycerol and Fatty Acids?

A

Lipase

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13
Q

What Carbohydrase breaks down Starch?

A

Amylase

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14
Q

What Protease is found in the stomach?

A

Pepsin

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15
Q

Where can you find Carbohydrase?

A

Stomach, Pancreas, Small Intestine

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16
Q

Where can you find Protease?

A

Stomach, Pancreas, Small Intestine

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17
Q

Where can you find Lipase?

A

Pancreas, Small Intestine

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18
Q

What are the 10 organs part of the Digestion system?

A

Salivary Glands, Oesophagus, Stomach, Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Rectum, Anus

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19
Q

What is stored in Gall Bladder

A

Bile

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20
Q

What happens in the stomach?

A

Breaks down food into smaller chunks, Produces enzyme like Pepsin, Produces HCl to kill bacteria and give right pH for enzyme to work.

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21
Q

What is absorbed in the Small intestine?

A

Minerals and water

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22
Q

What is absorbed in the Large Intestine?

A

Excess water

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23
Q

What are the two sides of the heart?

A

Oxygenated left, Deoxygenated right

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24
Q

What are the four parts of the Heart?

A

Right atrium, Right Ventricle, Left atrium, Left ventricle

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25
What are the four connections to the heart?
Aorta, Pulmonary vein, Vena cava, Pulmonary artery
26
What is the function of the pulmonary vein?
Carry oxygenated from lungs to heart
27
What is the function of the pulmonary artery?
Carry deoxygenated blood from heart to loungs
28
What is the function of most arteries
Carry oxygenated blood around the body away from the heart
29
What is the function of most veins
Carry deoxygenated blood around the body towards to the heart
30
What are the three types of blood vessels
Arteries, Capillaries, Veins
31
How are arteries adapted to carry blood under pressure
Strong elastic walls, Walls are thick compared to lumen
32
How are capillaries adapted?
Thin wall only one cell thick, Very small lumen, Permeable walls so substances can diffuse between
33
How are veins adapted?
Bigger lumen to keep pressure low and use valves to prevent blood turning around
34
What is the function of Red Blood Cells
Carry oxygen around the body
35
How is a Red Blood Cell adapted
Large surface area, dont have nucleus, haemagoblin bonds with oxygen
36
What is the function of White Blood Cells
Defends against infection
37
How are White Blood Cells adapted
Phagocytes consume infections, Antibodies attach to antigens, Antitoxins neutralise toxic substances
38
What is the function of Platelets
Clot blood cells to slow down and prevent bleeding
39
What is the function of Plasma
Carry various substances such as red blood cells, white blood cells, platelts, nutrients etc
40
What is coronary heart disease
When the coronay arteries that supply blood to the muscle of the heart get blocked by layers of fatty material like cholesterol.
41
What can reduce cholesterol in the blood
Statins
42
What is a Communicable disease
A disease that can spread between people by vectors
43
What is a Non-Communicable disease
A disease that cant be spread from person to person that can only be caught via genetics, environment
44
What are the four types of communicable disease
Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protist
45
Give examples of Bacterial Diseases
Salmonella, Gonorrhoea
46
Give examples of Viral infections
HIV, Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Measles
47
Give an example of Fungal infections
Rose Black spot
48
Give an example of Protist
Malaria
49
What is the transmission of TMV
Contact with diseased plant material
50
What is the symptoms of Measles
Fever, Red skin, Blindness, May be fatal, Brain Damage
51
What is the symptoms of Malaria
Recurrent episodes of fever and shaking, Death
52
What is a risk factor
Something that is linked to an increase in the likelihood that a person will contract a disease
53
Give an example of a Risk factor commonly associated with cancer
Smoking
54
What is cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth and division
55
What is Benign cancer
Cancer contained within the cell membrane
56
What is Malignant Cancer
Cancer that is spread through the body via the blood
57
What are the five cells in a plant
Epidermal cell / Palisade mesophyll cell / Spingy Mesophyll / Stomata / Guard cell
58
What is the Epidermal tissue
Top layer of cell that covers the whole plant
59
What is the Palisade mesophyll tissue
Part of the leaf where photosynthesis happens
60
What is the Spongy Mesophyll tissue
Contains big air spaces to allow gases to diffuse in and out of cells
61
How does the epidermal tissue help the plant
Helps reduce water loss by evaporation
62
How does the Palisade help the the plant
Has lots of chloroplasts since they get lots of light
63
How does the Spongy mesophyll tissue help the plant
Contains air sacs that help increase rate of diffusion
64
What is Transpiration
Loss of water from a plant
65
What is Translocation
Movement of food substances within a plant
66
What 4 things affect transpiration
Light intensity / Temperature / Air Flow / Humidity
67
How are guard cells adapted
The guard cells become flaccid when the plant needs water and is light sensitive to help save water

GCSE Biology (7 decks)

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