Biology P1 - Cell Biology

Question 1

How are Muscle Cells adapted to release a lot of energy?

Answer 1

By having lots of Mitochondria

Question 2

What best describes Mitosis?

Answer 2

The process that produces two new cells that are identical to each other and the parent cell

Question 3

How many chromosomes are in a normal human cell produced by mitosis?

Answer 3

46

Question 4

In the cell cycle, where are the chromosomes found before mitosis starts?

Answer 4

In the nucleus

Question 5

State two things that must happen during the cell cycle before mitosis can start?

Answer 5

Cell growth and an increase of sub-cellular organelles increases

Question 6

Plants can produce stem cells, what is the type of tissue that produces them called?

Answer 6

Meristem tissue

Question 7

To avoid ethical issues, in future what may stem cells be taken from?

Answer 7

The umbilical cord

Question 8

Where is genetic material found in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 8

The Cytoplasm

Question 9

What is a partially permeable membrane

Answer 9

A membrane or barrier that allows some molecules or substances to cross, but not others

Question 10

Why does active transport require an input of energy

Answer 10

Because the particles are moving against the concentration gradient

Question 11

What is diffusion

Answer 11

Where molecules move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 12

What is osmosis

Answer 12

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a dilute solution (high concentration of water) to a more concentrated solution (low concentration of water) across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 13

Does a plant or an animal cell have a cell wall

Answer 13

Plant

Question 14

What is a ribosome

Answer 14

The part of a cell that synthesises proteins

Question 15

What is a vacuole in a plant cell and what does it do?

Answer 15

The vacuole is full of cell sap which supports the cell

Question 16

What are the two main types of cell

Answer 16

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Question 17

List 3 Eukaryotic cells

Answer 17

Plant, animal and fungi

Question 18

Name a Prokaryotic cell

Answer 18

Bacteria

Question 19

What is a plasmid?

Answer 19

A small ring of DNA in a prokaryotic cell

Question 20

What are flagella

Answer 20

Tail like structures that move the bacteria

Question 21

Which sub cellular structure controls the activities inside a cell

Answer 21

The Nucleus

Question 22

What is the function of cell sap?

Answer 22

To support the plant

Question 23

Where are proteins made in a cell

Answer 23

The ribosome

Question 24

What are three structures that are found in plant cells but not in animal cells

Answer 24

Chloroplasts, Vacuole, Cell membrane

Question 25

Where is DNA found in a bacterium

Answer 25

Not in a nucleus but usually in one long looped chromosome

Question 26

What is resolution?

Answer 26

The ability to see two or more objects as separate objects

Question 27

What is the equation for magnification

Answer 27

Size of image / Size of real object

Question 28

How many times bigger is a millimetre than a micro meter?

Answer 28

1000x

Question 29

Why does a plant have a meristem at the tip of the shoot and the tip of each root?

Answer 29

To make new cells for growth

Question 30

Why do cells differentiate?

Answer 30

To become specialised and be more efficient

Question 31

What is a stem cell?

Answer 31

An undifferentiated cell - they can become different types of cells

Question 32

Why do sperm contain lots of mitochondria

Answer 32

To give them enough energy to swim