biology paper 1 Flashcards
(10 cards)
what differences to animal and plant cells have
plant cells have cell wall + membrane whereas animal cells only have a cell membrane
what is a eukaryote cell
has nucleus
usually animal, fungi, protist or plant cells
what is a prokaryote cell
no nucleus
usually archea or bacteria cells
what is binary fission
asexual reproduction where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells
primarily used in prokaryote cells
what is mitosis
genetic material duplicates
nuclear membrane dissolves
chromosomes line up in the centre
both sets pulled to opposite ends of
nucleus divides creating two identical cells
what is osmosis
diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane to balance concentrations
how can the rate of diffusion in osmosis be increased
increase:
difference of concentrations
surface area
temperature
what is active transport
moves a substance from low concentration to high concentration
requires energy
name enzymes + what they do
carbohydrase breaks down carbs into simple sugars
protease breaks down protein into amino acids
lipas breaks down lipids into glycerol + fatty acids
what is the lock and key theory
describes how an enzyme is specific for its substrate
