Biology paper 1 Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is an Acrosome?
An organelle in the tip of a sperm that contains enzymes which digest the egg cell membrane.
What is an Active Site?
A specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place.
What is Active Transport?
The movement of particles against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from respiration.
What is Diffusion?
The passive movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is Osmosis?
The diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution.
What is an Enzyme?
A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being used up.
What is Mitosis?
A type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, used for growth and repair.
What is a Stem Cell?
An undifferentiated cell capable of giving rise to various other cell types.
What is a Meristem?
Plant tissue containing undifferentiated cells where growth can take place.
What is an Allele?
A version of a gene.
What is a Genotype?
The genetic makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles present.
What is a Phenotype?
The observable characteristics of an organism resulting from its genotype.
What does Homozygous mean?
Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
What does Heterozygous mean?
Having two different alleles for a particular gene.
What is Codominance?
A situation where both alleles in a heterozygous organism contribute to the phenotype.
What does Sex-Linked mean?
A gene located on a sex chromosome, often leading to traits that are more common in one sex.
What is Natural Selection?
The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
What is Evolution?
The gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time.
What is Genetic Engineering?
The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material.
What is a Pathogen?
A microorganism that causes disease.
What is an Antibiotic?
A substance that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria.
What is an Antigen?
A substance that triggers an immune response, often found on the surface of pathogens.
What are Monoclonal Antibodies?
Identical antibodies produced by clones of a single parent cell, used in medical treatments and diagnostics.
What is Photosynthesis?
The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.
