biology paper 2

Question 1

define the term species

Answer 1

a group of similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring

Question 2

what is a behavioural adaptation

Answer 2

the behaviour of an organism

Question 3

example of behavioural adaptation

Answer 3

mating dances
migrating

Question 4

what is a structural adaptation

Answer 4

physical characteristics
horns or thick fur

Question 5

what is a functional adaptation

Answer 5

the inside of an organism
cannot see it

Question 6

example of a functional adaptation

Answer 6

poison

Question 7

what is homeostasis

Answer 7

an organisms ability to regulate internal conditions

Question 8

what does the body need to regulate

Answer 8

-blood glucose concentration
-internal temperature
-water levels

Question 9

what is the receptor

Answer 9

detects a change due to a stimulus

Question 10

what is the function of a sensory and relay neuron

Answer 10

an electrcal impulse travels through the spine through the sensory and relay neurone.

Question 11

what is a synapse

Answer 11

the gap between neurons

Question 12

what do glands do

Answer 12

secrete chemicals

Question 13

describe the importance of a reflex arc

Answer 13

automatic
protects against harm
fast to protect

Question 14

what happens after a stimulus is detected

Answer 14

• electrical impulse travels from the receptor to the spinal cord
• chemical messengers will diffuse across the synapse
• electrical impulses from spinal cord to an effector.

Question 15

what is the function of the pituitary gland

Answer 15

sends signals to other glands

Question 16

what is the function of the pancreas

Answer 16

secretes insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar

Question 17

what is the function of the thyroid

Answer 17

controls metabolism

Question 18

what is the function of the adrenal gland

Answer 18

releases adrenaline

Question 19

what is the function of the overies and testes

Answer 19

releases eggs and produces sperm

Question 20

what is meiosis

Answer 20

the process in which gametes are made
makes gametes
4 non identical daughter cells
cells divide twice

Question 21

natural selection 6 marker

Answer 21

• variation in the population due to mutations
  -mutation will give the organism an advantage
• more likely to survive and reproduce
  -will pass the allele on to the offspring
• change in population overtime.

Question 22

what is a dominant allele

Answer 22

only need one allele for it to be expressed

Question 23

what is a recessive allele

Answer 23

need two alleles for it to be expressed

Question 24

what is antibiotic resistance

Answer 24

varation in the population
antibiotics kill most of the bacteria
antibiotics will no longer kill the bacteria
bacteria reproduces

Question 25

explain how antibiotic resistance can be slowed down

Answer 25

-finish the course of antibiotics -only take antibiotics for serious infections -reduce the use of antibiotics in farming -hygiene- wash hands with soap

Question 26

What is the process of selective breeding

Answer 26

-select the organism with the desired characteristics Breed the organisms together Repeat over multiple generations

Question 27

What are fossils

Answer 27

Decayed remains of an organism

Question 28

What are fossils that look like bones

Answer 28

Have been replaced with minerals

Question 29

What is the order of the Carl linneaus

Answer 29

Kingdom Phylum Order Family Genus Species

Question 30

What do plants compete for

Answer 30

Light Co2 Space minerals

Question 31

What do animals compete for

Answer 31

Mates Habitat Mineral ions Water

Question 32

What is a food chain

Answer 32

Shows the direction of biomass transfer between organisms

Question 33

What is the order of a food chain

Answer 33

Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumers Tertiary consumer

Question 34

Example of a producer

Answer 34

Plants

Question 35

Example of a primary consumer

Answer 35

Herbivore

Question 36

Example of a secondary consumer

Answer 36

Carnivore

Question 37

Example of a tertiary consumer

Answer 37

Omnivore

Question 38

What is the water cycle

Answer 38

Water falls into rivers and sea Evaporates Repeats

Question 39

What is biodiversity

Answer 39

The variety of species of organisms that exist in an eco system

Question 40

What is FSH

Answer 40

Causes the egg to mature

Question 41

What is oestrogen

Answer 41

Causes uterus lining to thicken

Question 42

What is LH

Answer 42

Ovulation

Question 43

What is progesterone

Answer 43

Maintains uterus lining

Question 44

What are inhibiting pills

Answer 44

Stop the egg from maturing

Question 45

What does the implant do

Answer 45

Stop the egg from being released

Question 46

What does the iud do

Answer 46

Stops the egg embedding in lining

Question 47

Disadvantage of IVF

Answer 47

Expensive, difficult , success rate low , can cause multiple embryos to develop

Question 48

What is type 1 diabetes

Answer 48

When the pancreas can’t produce enough insulin

Question 49

What is type 1 diabetes treated

Answer 49

Insulin injections

Question 50

What is type 2 diabetes

Answer 50

When the pancreas no longer reacts to insulin

Question 51

How is type 2 diabetes treated

Answer 51

Low carbohydrate diet Exercise

Question 52

What happens blood glucose level is low

Answer 52

The pancreas releases glucagon Causes liver and muscle to convert glycogen back into glucose

Question 53

What happens when blood glucose levels are too high

Answer 53

Pancreas releases insulin Causes glucose to move from bloodstream to cells to be used for respiration

Question 54

define genome

Answer 54

the entire genetic code in an organism

Question 55

define DNA

Answer 55

double helix polymer stores genetic material

Question 56

define a gene

Answer 56

a section of DNA that codes for protien

Question 57

define a genotype

Answer 57

an organisms specific genetic code

Question 58

define a phenotype

Answer 58

physical characteristics

Question 59

what is homozgyus

Answer 59

BB

Question 60

what is heterozygus

Answer 60

Bb

Question 61

what is the genetic engineering process

Answer 61

-remove the target gene using enzymes -insert the gene in a vector(plasmid) -bacteria takes in plasmid and reproduces.

Question 62

what is the function of the adreanal gland

Answer 62

releases adrenaline into the body which increases blood flow and breathing rate.

Question 63

what is the function of the thyroid

Answer 63

releases thyroxide which controls metabolism.

Question 64

meiosis process

Answer 64

chromosomes are copied similar chromosomes pair up and genes swap between them cells divide to produce two daughter cells these divide again too produce 4 daughter cells

Question 65

advantage of sexual reproduction

Answer 65

offspring can become better adapted to environment

Question 66

what is an advantage of asexual reproduction

Answer 66

only one organism is needed to reproduce.