Biology Resit Flashcards
(54 cards)
Name the components in the respiratory system
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Lungs
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Diaphragm
What is the nasal chambers lined with and how are the chambers seperated
The nasal chamber is lined with a thick mucous and is seperated by the nasal septum and also has a rich blood supply
What’s the function of the nasal chamber
It warms moisturises and filters air entering your body before it reaches the lungs, it’s lined with mucous membrane which traps particles, tiny hairs called cilia help move these tiny particles
What’s the lungs and the function of it
What’s the diaphragm where is it and what does it do
The lung is the main organ of the respiratory system it it’s where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs
The diaphragm is a large muscle at the base of the chest capacity that contracts and relaxes to aid in breathing
What is the pharynx a passageway for and what does it connect… to…
What is the larynx aka and what does it do
What is the trachea aka and what does it do
Pharynx - passageway for air and food, connect nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and oesophagus
Larynx - aka voice box, contain vocal cords, aid in breathing, prevents food and particles entering your respiratory, produces sound for speech
Trachea - aka windpipe, filters air we inhale, branches into the bronch
Explain the structure of bronchi and the function
What’s the structure of the bronchioles and what does it do
What’s the structure of alveoli and what takes place in it
Bronchi - two air tubes that branch off from the trachea, carries air to the lungs, helps moisture the air we breathe, screens out foreign particles
Bronchioles - tiny airways that carry oxygen to alveoli, help stabilise breathing, lined with smooth muscular walls that regulate airflow and prevent irritants from passing further along the respiratory tract
Alveoli - tiny air sacks in the lungs where gas exchange takes place
What are the two nervous systems and what does they consist of
The central nervous system - brain and spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system - nerves
Forebrain midbrain and hindbrain are the three sections of the brain but what are in them
Forebrain - cerebrum
Hindbrain - cerebellum, pond, medulla oblongata
What’s the function of the forebrain
Movement
Sensory processing
Language and communication
Memory and learning
Sense of smell
What’s the function of the cerebellum, pons, and oblongata
Cerebellum - balance, movement and coordination
Pons - respiration
Medulla oblongata - motor function, respiration and blood pressure
Where does the neuron carry electrical messages to and what’s the other word for it
Neurons carry electrical impulses throughout the body
What’s in a neuron
Cell body
Nucleus
Dendrites
Myelin sheath
Schwann’s cells
Node of ranvier
Axon terminal
What are the names of the two main nerves and what are they
Afferent nerve and efferent nerve
Afferent is a sensory nerve
Efferent is a motor nerve
Where do the Afferent nerves carry signals to and where do efferent nerves carry signals to
Afferent nerves carry signals to the CNS from the sensory receptors
Efferent nerves carry signals to muscles and glands from the CNS
What is the autonomic nervous system a part of and is it involuntary or voluntary
It’s a part of the peripheral nervous system and controls involuntary bodily functions so is involuntary
What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system
And what are they
The sympathetic and parasympathetic
Sympathetic is fight/flight/freeze
Parasympathetic is rest and digest
What is the lymphatic system made up of
Vessels, lymph, nodes, nodules, ducts and tissue
What does the vessels tissues ducts nodes and nodules do in the lymphatic system
Vessels carry lymph away from tissues
Tissues protect body against foreign invaders
Ducts drain lymph into the circulatory system
Nodes filter foreign particles
Nodules are smaller than nodes and are tiny chunks of immune cells
Neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger but what does it transmit
It transmits signals from a nerve cell to a target cell like another nerve cell muscle cell or gland cell
What is the endocrine system made of and what does it produce
Give some examples of things they process
It’s a series of glands that produce hormones to regular process
Such as growth and development
reproduction and sexual function
metabolism
mood
sleep
List all the glands in the endocrine system
Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
What is the pituitary gland aka and what does it control
What is the hypothalamus a part of and where does it send signals to and what does it regulate
Pituitary - aka master gland, controls the function of other glands to produce hormones
Hypothalamus - part of the brain, sends signals to pituitary gland, regulates hunger and thirst and produces several hormones
What two hormones does the thyroid release and what does they do
What does the parathyroid do
Thyroid - release thyroxine and triiodothyronine these regulate metabolism and organ function
Parathyroid - regulate amount of calcium and phosphorus in the blood stream
Where are the pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, and adrenal glands located
Pituitary - base of brain
Hypothalamus - part of the brain
Thyroid - just below the larynx
Parathyroid - behind the thyroid
Pancreas - behind stomach
Adrenal - on upper side of kidneys
