Biology STAAR 24-25

Question 1

Types of Passive Transport:

Answer 1

1. Diffusion
2. Osmosis
3. Facilitated Diffusion

Question 2

Cell Membrane Controls:

Answer 2

what enters and exits the cell and it is semi-permeable

Question 3

Does passive transport require energy?

Answer 3

No, passive transport does not require energy

Question 4

Diffusion:

Answer 4

movement of particles from high to low - random movement

Question 5

Osmosis:

Answer 5

diffusion of water across a selective membrane.
-hypotonic: water moves into the cell, and cell will swell
-hypertonic: water moves out of cell, cell will shrink
-isotonic: water moves in and out equally, cell will stay the same

Question 6

Facilitated Diffusion:

Answer 6

helps large molecules move across the membrane
- requires a protein channel

Question 7

Exocytosis:

Answer 7

-the expulsion of material from the cell
-lysosome carries waste out of cell
- vesicles carry proteins and lipids

Question 8

Endocytosis:

Answer 8

-phagocytosis: large solid particles “cell eating”
- pinocytosis: liquid particles “cell drinking”
- cell membrane will engulf material and pull it inside

Question 9

Sodium potassium pump:

Answer 9

Na+/K+
particles move from a low to high concentration and the protein channel acts as a pump

Question 10

Active transport:

Answer 10

1. sodium potassium pump
2. endocytosis
3. exocytosis

Question 11

Does active transport require energy?

Answer 11

Yes, active transport requires energy

Question 12

ribosome:

Answer 12

site of protein synthesis in the cell

Question 13

nucleus:

Answer 13

protects the DNA of the cell

Question 14

nucleolus:

Answer 14

used for ribosome production

Question 15

Rough ER:

Answer 15

synthesizes and changes proteins

Question 16

Smooth ER:

Answer 16

production of lipids within the cell and cell membrane

Question 17

Golgi body:

Answer 17

protein sorting, packaging, and modification

Question 18

Mitochondria:

Answer 18

uses carbs to make ATP

Question 19

chloroplast:

Answer 19

makes glucose with sunlight

Question 20

small vacuoles:

Answer 20

used for storage

Question 21

central vacuole:

Answer 21

used to store water and push against cell wall

Question 22

cell wall:

Answer 22

support cell and provide rigidy

Question 23

vesicles:

Answer 23

more substances in and out

Question 24

lysosomes:

Answer 24

break down waste and toxins (animals only)

Question 25

cytoskeleton:

Answer 25

Maintain structure and help move vesicles

Question 26

cell membrane

Answer 26

controls what enters and exits

Question 27

centrioles

Answer 27

helps with cell division

Question 28

cytoplasm

Answer 28

helps suspend organelles

Question 29

DNA

Answer 29

provides genetic information for the cell

Question 30

cell theory

Answer 30

-all living things are made of cells -the cell is the basic unit of life -all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 31

prokaryotic

Answer 31

-small and simple -no nucleus -no membrane bound organelles -oldest

Question 32

Eukaryotic

Answer 32

-larger and more complex -nucleus -can be both uni and multi cellular -membrane bound organelles -evolved from prokaryotes

Question 33

both Eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Answer 33

-cytoplasm -DNA -cell membrane -ribosomes

Question 34

monomer

Answer 34

one part---> one small molecule

Question 35

polymer

Answer 35

many parts ------> large molecule

Question 36

dehydration synthesis:

Answer 36

-removal of water -polymer formation -requires energy and enzymes -turns monomers into polymers

Question 37

hydrolysis:

Answer 37

-adding water-----> ex. saliva -requires energy and enzymes -breaks polymers into monomers