Pig Practicum 25' Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
Dorsal Side
A
Top side (back) of pig
2
Q
Ventral Side
A
Bottom side (belly) of pig
3
Q
Posterior Side
A
Behind & Legs of pig
4
Q
Anterior Side
A
Head & front part of pig
5
Q
Pinna
A
ears of pig
6
Q
Nares
A
nose of pig
7
Q
What is meant by gestation period?
A
Pregnancy
8
Q
What difference can be observed between an artery and a vein?
A
Arteries are thicker than veins.
9
Q
What is another name for the chest region of the pig?
A
Thoracic region
10
Q
What is another name for the “belly” region of the pig?
A
Abdominal region
11
Q
Which body systems can be identified by looking at the external anatomy?
A
Integumentary system, reproductive system, respiratory system
12
Q
tongue function:
A
Taste, manipulate food, grooming, etc.
13
Q
soft palate function:
A
facilitates swallowing and helps prevent food from entering the nasal cavity during the process
14
Q
hard palate function:
A
provides a surface for the tongue to move food and chew. It also separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.
15
Q
glottis function:
A
controls airflow to the lungs by opening and closing
16
Q
epiglottis function:
A
prevents food and water from entering the trachea
17
Q
What substances are secreted by the oral cavity of humans that aid in digestion?
A
saliva
18
Q
How does digestion start in the oral cavity?
A
Chewing, breaking down food, then using chemical digestion, saliva which breaks down carbohydrates.
19
Q
What structure does food travel through once it is swallowed to get to the stomach?
A
Esophagus
20
Q
What other body systems help move the food through the esophagus?
A
Muscular and nervous system.
21
Q
stomach function:
A
Digest and store food
22
Q
large intestine function:
A
Absorbs water and electrolytes
23
Q
small intestine function:
A
break down food and absorb nutrients.
24
Q
liver function:
A
processing nutrients and detoxifying the blood.
25
pancreas function:
creates hormones and enzymes that help with breaking down food/nutrients
26
gallbladder function:
stores and releases Bile.
27
spleen function:
fights invading germs in the blood, and store dead red blood cells
28
esophagus function:
transport food and liquid to the stomach.
29
Describe the intestinal mesentery.
a fold of the peritoneum that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall.
30
Where does the bile duct lead to and what substance does it carry?
The bile duct leads to the duodenum (first part of the small intestine) and it carries bile, which helps in the digestion of fats.
31
List the six major organs in order of how food travels through them in the digestive system.
Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine → Rectum
32
What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
The diaphragm
33
List two organs found in the thoracic cavity.
The lungs and the heart.
34
How can you tell where the small intestine stops and the large intestine begins?
Their is a valve that separates the small and large intenstines
35
How is the pancreas involved in both the digestive and endocrine system?
In the digestive system the pancreas produces digestive enzymes to help break down nutrients in the small intestine. In the endocrine system it produces hormones such as insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar.
36
thymus gland function:
Produces white blood cells that help the body fight infections
37
pericardum function:
Protects the heart and aids in lubricating as it pumps blood.
38
artery function:
Bring oxygen filled blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
39
vein function:
A type of blood vessel that brings blood to the heart
40
umbilical artery/vein function:
Artery: Brings blood that has no oxygen from the fetus to the placenta.
Vein: brings oxygen and nutrient rich blood from placenta to fetus.
41
aorta function:
Brings oxygen filled blood from the left ventricle of the heart and sends it to the rest of the body.
42
right/left atrium function:
Receive Blood before it goes into the ventricles. They help the circulation of blood.
43
right/left ventricle function:
Right: Pumps oxygen-poor blood to lungs and the left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body.
44
septum function:
separates the right and left side of the heart to avoid mixing the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
45
What are the primary functions of the circulatory system?
The circulatory system moves and pumps blood throughout different parts of the body, as well as temperature regulation and oxygen/nutrient delivery.
46
List three other systems that work closely with the circulatory system and how?
Respiratory system- Circulatory system transports oxygen from lungs to the rest of the body, as well as bringing carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
Digestive system- The digestive system breaks down food and the circulatory system distributes the nutrients.
Lymphatic System: Lymphatic system keeps fluid balance and works with circulatory system to deliver white blood cells.
47
What is the function of heart valves?
Ensures circulation and prevents blood from moving backwards to justify the direction.
48
What is the difference between an artery and vein?
Arteries carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart and veins carry oxygen poor blood back into the heart.
49
trachea function:
Passageway from larynx and lungs for air
50
diaphragm function:
Main muscle that aids in breathing by expanding/contracting the chest cavity to bring in/out air
51
larynx function:
Passageway for air to lungs and producing vocals
52
lungs function:
Brings in oxygen and breathes out carbon dioxide (gas exchange)
53
What is the difference between the left and right lung?
The left lung has 2 lobes, upper and lower. The right lung has 3, middle upper and lower.
54
Bronchi function:
Bring oxygen to and from the lungs.
55
Why is the trachea constructed with rings of cartilage?
The rings of cartilage supports the structure and aid in keeping the airway open.
56
What digestive organ sits behind the trachea?
The esophagus
57
What's the primary function of the respiratory system?
Facilitate gas exchange and inhaling oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide
58
Which gas is breathed in through the lungs?
oxygen
59
Which gas is breathed out?
carbon dioxide
60
kidney function:
filter blood, remove waste products and excess water, regulate fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance in the body.
61
ureter function:
transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
62
urethra function:
carries urine from urinary bladder to the urogenital opening and this expels urine
63
urinary bladder function:
stores urine.
64
testes function:
Produce sperm and testosterone (male sex hormone).
65
scrotum function:
Regulates the temperature of the testes by keeping them outside the body; necessary for proper sperm development.
66
Epididymis function:
Stores and matures sperm after they are produced in the testes.
67
ovary function:
Produces eggs (ova) and secretes female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
68
uterus function:
Supports the development of the fertilized egg into a fetus; the site of implantation and fetal growth.
69
Vagina function:
Serves as the birth canal and the receptacle for the penis during intercourse; also allows menstrual flow to exit.
70
oviduct function:
Transports the egg from the ovary to the uterus; typically the site where fertilization occurs.
71
What is the function of the kidneys?
filtering waste and excess water from the blood to produce urine,
72
Where are the kidneys located?
Just below the rib cage, one on each side of your spine.
73
After the kidneys filter blood, what 3 structures work to continue excreting the toxins from the body
ureters, bladder, and urethra
74
Male or Female - ovary:
female
75
Male or Female - testes:
male
76
Male or Female - uterine horn:
female
77
Male or Female - vagina:
female
78
Male or Female - epididymis :
male
79
Male or Female - urethra:
both male and female
80
cerebellum function:
Responsible for coordination, voluntary muscle movement, balance, and motor learning
81
cerebrum function:
voluntary muscle movement, conscious thoughts, and sensory perception
82
spinal cord function:
central communication hub relaying messages between the brain and rest of the body.
83
What is the role of the cerebellum in the body?
coordinating movement and maintaining balance and posture
84
What part of the brain is the most posterior?
The occipital lobe
85
List a function the cerebrum:
thinking, learning, and problem solving
86
List a function the cerebellum:
coordinates voluntary muscle movement
87
List three other systems that work closely with the nervous system and how?
endocrine system, cardiovascular system, and the digestive system
88
Which digestive organ absorbs water from digested food?
large intestine
89
what is the function of the liver? (this can have multiple answers)
helps release enzymes to the stomach to aid food breakdown
90
What is the purpose of the mesentary?
To hold the intestines together and to keep the intestines attached to the body
91
What is the main function of the villi in the small intestine?
To quickly absorb nutrients from food molecules
92
Pigs are considered ___________ because they eat plants & animals.
Omnivores
93
Which digestive organ absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream?
Small intestine
94
What opening does the epiglottis cover?
glottis/trachea
95
The pancreas is apart of which 2 systems?
Endocrine/digestive
96
What structure is responsible for exchanging gases in the mammal?
lungs
97
What is the main function of the spleen?
To store dead red blood cells
98
What two systems make up the urogenital system?
Excretory/ Reproductive
99
Are pigs mammals?
Yes
100
Why do we study pigs during a dissection? (This can have multiple correct answers)
They are mammals, just like humans
They have a similar digestive system to humans
They are omnivores
They nurse their young
101
This organ is also known as the windpipe, promoting air flow and connecting the larynx to the lungs.
Trachea
102
Do pigs have hair?
Yes
103
How many chambers in a pig heart?
4
104
How do you determine the age of the pig?
By measuring length
105
T/F a pig is born with teeth
true
106
