biology success criteria Flashcards
(19 cards)
Identify the function of the nucleus in animal cells
Contains DNA and controls cell activities
Identify the function of mitochondria in animal
cell
Site of cellular
respiration; produces energy (ATP).
Identify the function of ribosomes in animal cells
Site of protein synthesis.
Identify the function of the cell membrane in animal cells
Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.
State the full name of
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Describe the structure of a nucleotide
Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base.
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, bases
Describe how
nucleotides join to form
DNA
Nucleotides form a sugar-phosphate
backbone; bases pair as
A-T and C-G.
Describe the relationship between
DNA, genes and chromosomes
All interconnected parts of an
organism’s genetics, working together to transmit information
Describe the function and process of mitosis
Cell division producing two identical daughter cells for growth and repair
List and describe the stages of mitosis
Prophase: chromosomes shorten + thicken
Metaphase: chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell
Anaphase: sister chromatids separate
+ move
Telophase: reach opposite pole, new nuclear envelopes form
Describe the function and of meiosis and fertilisation.
Meiosis produces gametes; fertilisation restores full chromosome number
Describe the process of meiosis and fertilisation
meiosis: 2 rounds of cell division, then 1 round of DNA replication
meiosis 1- chromosomes pair up and exchange DNA
meiosis 2- sister chromatids are separated, resulting in 4 daughter cells
fertilisation: the fusion of the haploid sperm cells
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis: 2 identical cells. Meiosis: 4 unique gametes.
what is a chromosome?
structure located in the nucleus of cells that carries genetic information
Explain co-dominance and incomplete dominance.
Co-dominance: both alleles shown. Incomplete dominance: blend of traits.
Identify ABO blood groups as a co-dominant trait.
A and B alleles are co-dominant; O is recessive.
Explain the difference between autosomal inheritance and sex-linked inheritance.
Autosomal: genes on non-sex chromosomes;
sex-linked: on X/Y chromosomes.
Describe the principle of Mendelian inheritance.
certain patterns of how traits are passed from parents to offspring
State the law of independent assortment.
Alleles for different traits are distributed independently during gamete information
