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Biology (the test) Flashcards

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1
Q

How many homologous chromosome pairs are present in most human cells?

A

23

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2
Q

Tightly coiled DNA molecules present during cell division are known as

A

chromosomes

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3
Q

A substance moves by facilitated diffusion into a cell. What is required for its transport
a) ATP
b) either a protein channel or a carrier protein
c) a pump
d) both ATP and a protein channel

A

either a protein channel or a carrier protein

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4
Q

During which phase of mitosis are sister chromatids separated when the mitotic spindle fibers shorten
a)anaphase
b)telophase
c)metaphase
d)prophase

A

anaphase

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5
Q

Transcribe mRNA from this strand of DNA.
T A C G G T A G T

A

A U G C C A U C A

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6
Q

Within the nucleus, where does ribosome assembly occur
a)nuclear pore
b)centromere
c) nucleoplasm
d) nucleolus

A

nucleolus

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7
Q

Cytosol is also known as

a) the cytoskeleton.
b) extracellular fluid (ECF).
c) intracellular fluid (ICF).
d) blood plasma.

A

ICF

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8
Q

How do you find codons?

A

every pair of 3

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9
Q

What is NOT a function of the plasma membrane
a) isolate the cell from its surroundings
b) catalyze macromolecules into subunits
c) communication with other cells
d) structural support

A

catalyze macromolecules into subunits

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10
Q

Nuclear pores connect the cytoplasm with the nucleoplasm and allow substances to move between the two areas.

A

true

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11
Q

Aquaporins may be employed during:
a) active transport.
b) simple diffusion.
c) endocytosis.
d) osmosis

A

osmosis

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12
Q

Simple diffusion requires:
a) carrier proteins.
b) the use of energy.
c) protein channels.
d) a concentration gradient

A

a concentration gradient.

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13
Q

The Na+/K+ pump transports three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions moved into the cell. This is an example of
a) facilitated diffusion.
b) an antiport pump.
c) a uniport pump.
d) a symport pump.

A

antiport pump

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14
Q

What organelle degrades old, worn-out organelles and cell components
a) Golgi apparatus
b) lysosome
c) rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
d) peroxisome

A

Lyosome

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15
Q

Provide the tRNA anticodon that is complementary to this mRNA codon: UAC.
a) ATG
b) TAG
c) AUG
d) TUG

A

AUG

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16
Q

Which of the following components of the nucleus is composed of DNA
a) chromatin
b) nuclear envelope
c) nuclear pores
d) nuclear lamina

A

chromatin

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17
Q

Two types of active transport via vesicles are:

a)simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
b) diffusion and osmosis.
c) primary active transport and secondary active transport.
d) endocytosis and exocytosis.

A

endocytosis and exocytosis.

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18
Q

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for export from the cell?
a) endoplasmic reticulum
b)mitochondria
c) golgi apparatus
d) cytoskeleton

A

Golgi apparatus

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19
Q

Cells in the epidermis of the skin need to be held tightly together so that an impermeable barrier to fluids is created. What type of junction performs this function?
a) desmosome
b) intercalated disc
c) tight junction
d) gap junction

A

tight junction

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20
Q

Carbon dioxide is a small molecule that moves through the phospholipid bilayer with its concentration gradient by:
a) simple diffusion
b) primary active transport
c) osmosis
d) facilitated diffusion

A

simple diffusion.

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21
Q

What occurs during the period of interphase known as the S phase?
a) DNA replication (synthesis) takes place
b) the cell is rapidly synthesizing proteins
c) genetic material is divided between daughter cells
d) proteins, organelles, and cytosol are divided between the daughter cells

A

DNA replication (synthesis) takes place.

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22
Q

Where does transcription of DNA into RNA occur?

a) peroxisome
b) mitochondrion
c) Golgi apparatus
d) nucleus

23
Q

The triplet codes in DNA needed to specify a specific polypeptide chain are found in the:
a) cytoplasm
b) gene
c) codon of mRNA
d) anticodon of tRNA

24
Q

Muscle cells require an abundant amount of ATP to function. Therefore, muscle cells have numerous:
a) peroxisomes.
b) lysosomes.
c) mitochondria.
d) ribosomes.

25
Sister chromatids of a chromosome are joined at a region called the centrosome.
false
26
What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription? a) RNA polymerase carries the code for the amino acid in a sequence of nucleotides. b) RNA polymerase catalyzes the unwinding of the DNA double helix. c) RNA polymerase binds the DNA promoter and builds an mRNA molecule. d) RNA polymerase signals the end of the mRNA molecule.
RNA polymerase binds the DNA promoter and builds an mRNA molecule.
27
Cellular swelling is likely to occur when blood cells are immersed in: a) hypotonic solutions. b) hypertonic solutions. c) isotonic solutions. d) more concentrated solutions.
hypotonic solutions.
28
The completion of cytokinesis accompanies: a)telophase b) anaphase c) prophase d) metaphase
telophase
29
A process that requires energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called: a) osmosis b) active transport. c) passive transport. d) facilitated transport.
active transport
30
The total solute concentration of a red blood cell is about 2%. Sucrose cannot pass through a red blood cell's plasma membrane, but water and urea can. Which of the following solutions will cause a red blood cell to shrink a) a hypertonic sucrose solution b) a hypotonic sucrose solution c) a hypertonic urea solution d) a hypotonic urea solution
hypertonic sucrose
31
The unit of DNA that specifies a certain amino acid is called a ________, the same unit of mRNA is called a(n) ________ which, during protein synthesis, is matched by the ________ of tRNA. a) triplet; anticodon; codon b) nucleotide; triplet; gene c) gene; triplet; amino acid d) triplet; codon; anticodon
triplet; codon; anticodon
32
What are the two steps of protein synthesis that produce a protein from a gene? a) mitosis and cytokinesis b) transcription and translation c) replication and transcription d) replication and translation
transcription and translation
33
What is NOT part of the endomembrane system? a) peroxisome b) Golgi apparatus c) endoplasmic reticulum d)ysosome
peroxisome
34
What is NOT one of the three main parts of a cell? a) nucleus b) cytoplasm c) extracellular fluid d) plasma membrane
extracellular fluid
35
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane proteins? a) acting as carriers b) acting as enzymes c) acting as channels d) stabilizing temperature
stabilizing temperature
36
Which of the following describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane structure? a) The lipid bilayer is solid at body temperature, thus protecting the cell. b) The phospholipid bilayer is embedded with associated proteins, cholesterol and sugars and has a dynamic arrangement. c) Phospholipids consist of a polar head and a nonpolar tail made of three fatty acid chains. d) The plasma membrane is composed of two layers of proteins embedded with lipids.
The phospholipid bilayer is embedded with associated proteins, cholesterol and sugars and has a dynamic arrangement.
37
A cell is placed into a 3% dextrose solution. At that concentration, the solution is isotonic to the cell. If the concentration of dextrose in the solution is increased to 5%, the cell is now in a(n): a) hypertonic solution. b) less concentrated solution. c) isotonic solution. d) hypotonic solution.
hypertonic solution.
38
Where does protein synthesis occur? a) peroxisomes b) lysosomes c) mitochondria d) ribosomes
ribosomes
39
What is the role of DNA helicase during the S phase of interphase: a) DNA helicase catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the new DNA strands. b) DNA helicase builds RNA primers on the existing DNA strands. c) DNA helicase unwinds the two strands of DNA. d) DNA helicase removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA.
DNA helicase unwinds the two strands of DNA.
40
If a cell has 18 chromosomes and undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes would each daughter cell have?
18
41
What is the correct order of the phases in the M phase of the cell cycle? a) prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase b) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase c) metaphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase d) anaphase, telophase, prophase, metaphase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
42
The triplet codes in DNA needed to specify a specific polypeptide chain are found in the: a) codon of mRNA. b) gene c) anticodon of tRNA. d) cytoplasm.
gene
43
To make a protein, DNA first is replicated into RNA, and then RNA is transcribed into amino acids.
False
44
You can differentiate the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) due to the presence of ________ on the RER. a) bound lysosomes b) bound ribosomes c) free ribosomes d) bound peroxisomes
bound ribosomes
45
Which of the following best describes a cell's response to being placed into an extracellular solution that is hypertonic to the cytosol? a) lysis b) swelling c) crenation d) no net gain of water
crenation
46
Why is cholesterol a critical component of the plasma membrane? a) Cholesterol serves a role in cell recognition. b) Cholesterol stabilizes the structure of the plasma membrane when the temperature changes. c) Cholesterol transports certain molecules into the cell. d) Cholesterol catalyzes metabolic reactions from its position within the plasma membrane.
Cholesterol stabilizes the structure of the plasma membrane when the temperature changes.
47
Molecular machines that perform specific functions for the cell are: a) cytosol b) the plasma membrane c) organelles d) the cytoskeleton
organelles
48
What is NOT a function of the peroxisome? a) break down fatty acids b) oxidize toxic substances c) protein synthesis d) synthesize certain phospholipids
protein synthesis
49
During osmosis, the solvent moves across a selectively permeable membrane from a solution with a higher solute concentration to a solution with a lower solute concentration.
false
50
A tRNA molecule carries an anticodon which is complementary to a specific mRNA codon.
true
51
During osmosis, water moves across a selectively permeable membrane toward a solution with: a) the highest solute concentration. b) the lowest solute concentration. c) the lowest osmotic pressure. d) more water molecules.
the highest solute concentration.
52
hypotonic vs hypertonic
hypo= less water (so more solute) hyper= more water (less solute)
53
A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium through a process called: a) exocytosis b) facilitated diffusion. c) primary active transport. d) endocytosis
endocytosis
54
The tRNA molecule binds a start codon of the mRNA molecule during: a) transcription b) elongation. c) initiation d) termination
initiation

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