Biology Topic 1 Flashcards
(16 cards)
what are eukaryotic cells
eukaryotic cells are complex cells which have a nucleus and include all animal and plant cells
what are prokaryotic cells
prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler cells which do not have a nucleus and include bacteria
what happens in mitochondria in the cell
reactions for aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria
what substance is made in ribosomes
protein is made in ribosomes
what do bacterial cells have instead of a nucleus
bacterial cells have a single circular strand of DNA instead of a nucleus
what is the formula for magnification
magnification= image size / real size
what are the two types of microscopes
the two types of microscopes are light microscopes and electron microscopes
what is the process of using a light microscope
-put slide on stage
-select lowest-powered objective lens
-use the adjustment knob to move the stage up
-look down the eyepiece and move the adjustment knob down until image is roughly in focus
-adjust fine focus until you get a clear image
-move to higher powered objective lens
what is cell differentiation
cell differentiation is the process of which a cell becomes specialised for its job
what are 5 examples of specialised cells
5 examples of specialised cells are:
-sperm cells
-nerve cells
-muscle cells
-root hair cells
-phloem and xylem cells
how many chromosomes do humans have
23 pairs (46)
what is mitosis
Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells
what is a stem cell
a stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that is capable of dividing to produce many more cells
what is diffusion
diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
what is osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
what is active transport
active transport is defined as the movement of particles across a membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
