What is sexual reproduction in plants?
Pollination - When something, like a bee, makes the pollen get into the ovule. Basically. Then it makes babies, e.g. fruit or seeds.
What are the parts of the male reproductive organs in a flower.
Stamens
Anther (produces pollen)
Filament
Pollen (part of the reproductive cells)
What are the parts of the female reproductive organs in a flower.
Ovary
Ovule (reproductive cell)
Style
Stigma
What is pollination?
Pollination is a process in which plants reproduce.
What is fertilization?
When an egg is fused with a pollen. The pollen acts like sperms.
How does fertilization happen in flowers?
When pollen from an anther catches on the stigma, each pollen grain sends out a tiny threadlike tube. The tube grows down through the style and pierces one of the ovules in the ovary.
Where does photosynthesis occur?
In chloroplasts , which contain chlorophyll
How do plants store food they make?
During photosynthesis the plant uses chlorophyll, sunlight energy, carbon dioxide and water to form glucose. Plants change some of the glucose into starch which they store in their leaves, stems and roots, flowers, fruits and seeds.
Know the word equation for photosynthesis.
carbon dioxide (co2)+water (h2o)→glucose+oxygen (O)
What are the reactants of photosynthesis used to make?
Photosynthesis makes glucose for the plant.
Know how to test for starch
Add iodine and see if it turns black or blue if it doesn’t then no starch is present.
How are leaves and roots adapted to their job?
Big leaves to get more sunlight, long branch roots to cover as much space as possible.
Long and spread out roots for minerals, water, etc.
How do gases get in and out of plants?
Using diffusion, the gasses go in and out through the leaf’s stoma (it’s at the bottom of the leaf)
Why do plants need the different substances they make from glucose? (again idk what this means doesn’t make sense to me)
if its *glucose from then its because water and co2 and stuff plants just need them for photosynthesis, food and stuff
Why do plants need water?
Water is used for photosynthesis, and for the minerals in the water.
Know how to measure the rate of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant
Put an aquatic plant into a beaker, fill with water and block the beaker, mark where the water ends, then leave for an amount of time, then see how much more air their is.
Know how substances are transported around a plant
Xylem: moves water and solutes (minerals) from the roots to the leaves
Phloem: moves food substances from leaves to the rest of the plant.
What are the uses of glucose?
glucose makes the plant’s food
What is fertilizer?
A chemical or natural substance (poop) added to soil or land to increase its fertility.
What are the roles of nitrogen and magnesium in healthy crop growth
Magnesium is the building block for chlorophyll so it helps with photosynthesis.
Nitrogen is a component to chlorophyll and produces protein that helps in plant growth and repair
Know about eutrophication as a problem associated with the use of fertilisers
This is the algae thingy if u still dun get it then:
1) Farmers add fertilizer to improve crop growth
2) The rain falls and the nitrates are dissolved into rivers and lakes
3) Te algae in the water source i guess absorbs the nutrients and grown very quickly on the surface
4) The algae continues growing and creates a new layer that doesn’t let sunlight get into the water, aquatic plants die since there is no sunlight
5) Bacteria break down the dead plants, this uses up oxygen in the water so they compete for oxygen with the living organisms eg. fish
6) The fish end up not getting enough oxygen and die i guess
What is pesticide?
A chemical substance used to control pests - or kill them, basically.
Know what a herbicide and an insecticide target
Herbicide: Weed species (bugs who like to smoke weed) (no but that was funny, so to clarify, weed species kills of weeds that threaten the crops/roses or whatever people grow)
Insecticide: Kills insects (all kinds i guess)
Know how pesticides may affect the balance of a food web
Other species who eat the pests don’t have food and stuff (overpopulation maybe?)
What is bio-accumulation?
When an organism absorbs a substance (maybe toxic maybe not) faster than it can poop it out or break it down . It then gathers in the bodies of predators higher up in the food chain, etc.
Know at least 2 advantages and disadvantages to using pesticides
Advantages: Rapid, can see results quickly and cheaper
Disadvantages: Bad for health and the planet
How can biological control be used to control pests?
THEY CAN MULTIPLY AND BECOME LEGION AND EAT ALL DEM PESTS. Okay if u still don’t get it, it’s basically using other predators to kill the pests. Dumbo. Thats what I ment okay .-.
Know one example of biological control
Phytoseiulus Persimilis AKA Persimilis (agains’t spider mites)
If you don’t know what that is, then ladybugs. Lady birds. WTV. IDGAF.
Know two advantages and two disadvantages to using biological control
Advantages: No harm to our health and the planet, sustainable
Disadvantages: Not that efficient (fast) and biological control can become the pest if you’re not careful. (e.g. cane toads)
Have a basic understanding of the components of the carbon cycle
Carbon Dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide (greenhouse gases)
Plants and Animals, and factories
Be able to explain how human activities may be affecting the balance of the carbon cycle
We are building and burning more things that emit carbon dioxide so the more carbon dioxide or greenhouse gases the less balanced the carbon cycle becomes
Be able to explain in a simple manner what the term greenhouse effect means
Greenhouse effect is where greenhouse gases block radiation from leaving Earth, so it warms earth up.
Some examples of greenhouse gases and their sources
Carbon Dioxide: Cars, Factories, Fires, etc.
Water Vapor: Water (clouds)
Methane: Natural gas systems
Nitrous Oxide (laughing gas): Engines
Understand the term global warming
A process in which the earth’s temperature is increasing in a dangerous rate. An increase in the average temperature of earth.
Understand that climate change occurs as a result of global warming
Yep because heat means more water vapor in the air, this would result in different rain/snow patterns i guess and basically evrythin u wrote in ur leaflet thing.
Appreciate that the Earth has a history of natural climate change
dont know why this is in the book but it is SO JUST APPRECIATE IT.
Know some of the possible consequences of climate change
Melted ice caps and glaciers, erosion, flooding,stronger natural disasters
Know that the production of CO2 and other greenhouse gases varies across the world
Yep
Appreciate what can be done to reduce these emissions at the level of an individual, industry, government and globally
Electric Cars,grow dem trees etc.
