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Julia's Biology > Biology unit 2 > Flashcards

Biology unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

where are gametes produced in men

A

testes

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2
Q

where are gametes produced in women

A

ovaries

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3
Q

where is sperm produced

A

seminiferous tubules

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4
Q

where is testosterone produced interstitial cells

A

interstitial cells

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5
Q

why does the prostate gland and seminal vesicle secrete fluid

A

to maintain mobility and viability of sperm

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6
Q

what does the pituitary gland produce

A

hormones FSH and LH

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7
Q

what produces a releaser which stimulates the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

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8
Q

what promotes sperm production

A

FSH

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9
Q

what hormone promotes testosterone

A

ICSH

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10
Q

what does testostosterone stimulate

A

sperm production

activates prostate gland and seminal vesicle

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11
Q

how long is the menstrual cycle

A

28 days

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12
Q

in what phase does the corpus luteum develop

A

luteal phase

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13
Q

what does progesterone promote

A

further development and vascularisation of the endometrium preparing for implantation if fertilization occurs.

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14
Q

what prevents further follicles of the ovarian hormone and pituitary gland from developing

A

negative feedback

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15
Q

what does the lack of LH lead to

A

degeneration of the corpus luteum

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16
Q

what does a drop in progesterone levels lead to

A

menstruation

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17
Q

how long are women fertile for

A

a few days during menstrual cycle

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18
Q

how long are men fertile for

A

continuously

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19
Q

by how much does a woman’s temperature rise after ovulation

A

0.5oC

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20
Q

what happens to the cervical mucus during ovulation

A

thins and becomes watery

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21
Q

by what is the treatment for infertility stimulated by

A

drugs that prevent the negative feedback of oestrogen and FSH secretion

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22
Q

what do other ovulatory drugs mimic

A

the action of FSH and LH

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23
Q

what do FSH and LH do to ovulation

A

cause super ovulation and can result in multiple births

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24
Q

why would super ovulatin be useful

A

to collect ova for in vitro fertilisation IVF

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25
what is artificial insemination
when several samples of semen are collected
26
when is artificial insemination useful
when a male has a low sperm count
27
what is done when a partner is sterine
a donor may be used to provide sperm
28
what does ICSI stand for
Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection
29
what is Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection
when a man has a low sperm count | the head of the sperm is drawn into a needle and injected directly into the egg to achieve fertilisation
30
what does IVF stand for
In Vitro fertilisation
31
what is In vitro fertilisation
eggs are removed from the ovaries after hormone stimulation and the eggs are mixed with sperm in a culture dish about 8 eggs are transferred into the uterus for implantation
32
name a chemical method of contraception
oral contraceptive pill
33
how does the oral contraceptive pill work
it's a combination of synthetic oestrogen and progesterone that mimics negative feedback preventing the release of FSH and LH
34
where is FSH and LH produced
pituitary gland
35
what does the mini pill do
thickens the cervical mucus
36
what does the morning after pill do
prevent ovulation or implantation
37
what does antenatal screening do
identifies the risk of a disorder so that further tests and prenatal diagnosis can be offered
38
how many ultrasound scans is a pregnant women given
2 a dating scan (determines pregnancy stage) a due date
39
when does a dating scan take place
8 to 14 weeks
40
what does an anomaly scan do
detect serious physical abnormalities in the fetus
41
when can an anomaly scan be taken
18 to 20 weeks
42
what other minor tests are taken during pregnancy
blood and urine
43
what does CVS stand for
Chorionic villus sampling
44
why is CVS useful
can be carried out earlier in the pregnancy than amniocentesis
45
what is the problem with CVS
has a higher risk of miscarriage
46
what is a karyotype
an individual's chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs
47
what are the 4 patterns of inheritance
autosomal recessive autosomal dominant incomplete dominant sex linked recessive
48
what is postnatal screening used for
testing for PKU
49
what is wrong with the genes during PKU
the enzyme which converts phenylalanine to tyrosine.
50
in what order does blood circulate the body
arteries to capillaries to veins
51
what happens to the blood pressure as if moves away from the heart
decreases
52
why do veins have valves
to prevent backflow of blood
53
what is the formula for heart rate
CO=HRxSV
54
what does the aorta and pulmonary vein do
pump the same volume of blood through the left and right ventricle
55
what are the cardiac cycle functions
diastole systole and ventricular systole
56
what happens during diastole
blood returning to the atrial flows into the ventricle
57
what happens during ventricular systole
closes the AV valves and pumps the blood out through the semilunar valves
58
what produces the sound of the heart
the opening and closing of the AV and SL valves
59
where is the pacemaker located
in the wall of the right atrium
60
what does the pacemaker do
set the rate at which the heart contracts
61
what happens to the blood pressure during ventricular systole
increases
62
what happens to the blood pressure during diastole
decreases
63
what is a typical blood pressure
120/80 mmHg
64
how can PKU be treated
diet with tyrosine
65
what is atherosclerosis
the accumulation of fatty materials (cholesterol) forming an atheroma or plaque beneath the endothelium
66
what happens to the artery as the arthroma grows
thickens and loses its elasticity
67
what is thrombosis
the formation of a clot

Julia's Biology (4 decks)

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