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Biology Y9 Pathogens Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

scientific name and type of pathogen for Food Poisoning

A

salmonella - bacterial

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2
Q

type of pathogen for HIV

A

viral

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3
Q

type of pathogen for TMV

A

viral

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4
Q

type of pathogen for Malaria

A

protist

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5
Q

type of pathogen for Rose Black Spot

A

fungal

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6
Q

type of pathogen for Gonorrhoea

A

bacterial

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7
Q

type of pathogen for Measles

A

viral

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8
Q

symptoms of Food Poisoning

A

fever, cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea

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9
Q

symptoms of Gonorrhoea

A

yellow/green discharge and pain in urination

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10
Q

symptoms of Measles

A

fever, red skin rash, sometimes blindness ad brain damage

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11
Q

symptoms of HIV

A

leads to AIDS, flu-like symptoms and attacks imune cells

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12
Q

symptoms of TMV

A

mosaic pattern on leaves of discolouration and cannot photosynthesise

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13
Q

symptoms of Malaria

A

cycling fevers, shaking and damage to red blood cells

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14
Q

symptoms of Rose Black Spot

A

purple/black spots on leaves, cannot photosynthesise and leaves turn yellow and drop early

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15
Q

treatment for Food Poisoning

A

mostly just suffer, but antibiotics used for old and young people and people with health conditions

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16
Q

treatment for Gonorrhoea

A

antibiotics

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17
Q

treatment for HIV

A

no cure, but treatment to reduce it to undetectable

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18
Q

treatment for Malaria

A

anti-malarial drugs

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19
Q

treatment for Rose Black Spot

A

fungicides, or kill/isolate it

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20
Q

treatment for TMV

A

kill/isolate it

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21
Q

how Food Poisoning is spread

A

food and water

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22
Q

how Gonorrhoea is spread

A

unprotected sex

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23
Q

how Measles is spread

A

inhalation of droplets from coughs/sneezes

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24
Q

how HIV is spread

A

unprotected sex, blood and sometimes through breastmilk

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25
how TMV is spread
direct contact and insect vectors
26
how Malaria is spread
mosquitoes
27
how Rose Black Spot is spread
spores - through water and wind
28
how Food Poisoning can be prevented
cook food properly, wash hands/wear gloves, ensure food is in date and wash food
29
how Gonorrhoea can be prevented
using a condom/barrier method and limiting number of sexual partners
30
how Measles can be prevented
vaccination and isolation
31
how HIV can be prevented
PreP drugs and using condoms
32
how TMV can be prevented
pest control and good field hygiene
33
how Malaria can be prevented
vaccination, kill mosquitoes and avoid being bitten
34
how Rose Black Spot can be prevented
breeding of resistant strains
35
what is health
a state of physical and mental wellbeing
36
what contributes to poor health
diet (e.g. starvation), stress (e.g. mental health) and life situations (e.g. living environment)
37
what is a communicable disease
a disease that can be spread from person to person
38
what is a non-communicable disease
a disease that can **not** be spread from person to person
39
how can a disease spread (3 ways)
pathogens, an animal or object
40
does correlation mean causation
no
41
what is the risk factor
something that increases your chance of getting a disease
42
what is incidence
the number of people diagnosed with a particluar disease in a particular population of people at a particular time
43
what is prevalence
the number of people who have a particular condition regardless of whether they were just diagnosed or even whether they have been diagnosed at all
44
what is mortality
the number of deaths per unit of population from a specific disease
45
life-style risk factors
smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet and lack of exercise
46
environmental risk factors
exposure to ionising radiation and exposure to carcinogens
47
inherited risk factors
genes
48
what is sampling
taking a sample - a smaller representation of the whole
49
what is a pathogen
a microorganism that causes an infectious disease
50
what can be pathogens
bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists but most are not
51
Viruses are/aren't alive. Viruses do/don't have cells
aren't, don't
52
how do bacteria multiply
by binary fission
53
examples of airborne transmission
viruses and bacteria travel in droplets and fungi by airborne spores
54
examples of direct touch
surfaces, skin, sexual transmission, wounds and needles
55
examples of unclean food/water transmission
fungal spores in water splashes, raw and undercooked food, contaminated water and sewage
56
how to protect against airborne transmission
wear masks, cover coughs/sneezes and isolation
57
how to protect against direct touch
wash hands and avoid close contact
58
how to protect against unclean food/water
only drink clean water and cook food properly
59
why do bacteria make us feel ill
bacteria may produce poisons that damage tissues and make us feel ill
60
why do viruses make us feel ill
viruses live and reproduce inside cells, causing cell damage
61
do plants have an immune system
no
62
can plants be affected by pathogens
yes
63
what are plants vulnerable to
fungi, some bacteria and plant-eating insects
64
how do insects damage plants (2 ways)
destroying plants directly and acting as vectors of disease
65
how can you avoid plant pathogens spreading
isolation and burning, spreading plants out, use of chemicals and genetic modification
66
what are plants' chemical defenses against herbivores
antiseptic production, antibiotic chemical production, bitter tasting chemicals and insecticides
67
how do plants avoid being eaten (5 ways)
poisons, hairs, thorns, mimicry and nastic response (moving when touched)
68
what mineral deficiencies can plants have
nitrate ion deficiency and magnesium ion definciency
69
what do plants need nitrate ions for
converting sugars into protein
70
what do plants need magnesium ions for
making chlorophyll for photosynthesis
71
how can you recognise diseases in plants
stunted growth, spots on leaves, areas of decay, abnormal growths, malformed stems and leaves, discolouration and seeing insects/eggs/larvae on plants
72
how can you identify a plant's disease
books with pictures/descriptions, the internet, laboratory tests - DNA/deficiencies and home test kits using monoclonal antibodies

Revision (30 decks)

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