Biomechancal Movement

Question 1

Linear motion

Answer 1

Motion in a straight/curved line with all body parts moving the same distance at the same speed in the same direction

Question 2

Inertia

Answer 2

The resistance an object has to a change in its state of motion

Question 4

Newton’s 1st law of linear motion

Answer 4

Law of Inertia
‘Every body continues in its state of rest/motion in a straight line, unless compelled to change that state by external forces exerted upon it.’

Question 5

Newton’s 2nd Law of linear motion

Answer 5

The law of acceleration
‘The rate of acceleration/momentum is proportional to the force causing it & the change that takes place in the direction in which the force acts’

Question 6

Force equation

Answer 6

Force=mass x acceleration

Question 7

Newton’s 3rd law of linear motion

Answer 7

The law of action/reaction
‘to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction’

Question 8

Speed

Answer 8

Rate of change of position
Speed=Distance/Time

Question 9

Distance

Answer 9

Length of the path the body follows when moving from 1 position to another

Question 10

Centre of mass

Answer 10

The point of balance

Question 11

Line of gravity

Answer 11

Line extending vertically downwards from the centre of mass

Question 12

Factors affecting stability

Answer 12

•Height of the centre of mass
•Position of the line of gravity
•Area of the support base
•Mass of the performer

Question 13

The height of the center of mass

Answer 13

Lowering the centre of mass with increase stability

Question 14

Position of the line of gravity

Answer 14

Should be central over the base of support to increase stability

Question 15

Area of support base

Answer 15

More contact points, the larger the base of support becomes & the more stability increases

Question 16

Mass of the Performer

Answer 16

The greater the mass of the performer that more stability there is because of the increased inertia

Question 17

Fulcrum

Answer 17

Point about which the lever rotates

Question 18

Resistance/load

Answer 18

Weight to be moved by the lever system

Question 19

Effort

Answer 19

The force applied by the user (muscle) of the lever system

Question 20

What’s what in the body (levers)

Answer 20

Bones=levers
Joints=fulcrums
Muscles=effort
Body part being moved=load

Question 21

1st Class lever

Answer 21

EFL
fulcrum is in the middle

Question 22

2nd Class lever

Answer 22

FRE
resistance in in the middle

Question 23

3rd Class lever

Answer 23

FER
Effort is in the middle

Question 24

Force arm

Answer 24

Length of the line between where the fulcrum & effort are labelled

Question 25

Resistance arm

Answer 25

Length of the line between where the fulcrum & the resistance are labelled

Question 26

Mechanical advantage

Answer 26

Where the force arm is longer than the resistance arm

Question 27

Mechanical disadvantage

Answer 27

Where the resistance arm is longer than the force arm

Question 28

1st class lever - Advantage

Answer 28

Large range of movement & any resistance can be moved quickly

Question 29

1st class lever - Disadvantage

Answer 29

Cannot apply much force to move an object

Question 30

2nd class lever - Advantage

Answer 30

Can generate much larger forces, has to lift whole body weight

Question 31

2nd class lever - Disadvantage

Answer 31

Slow, with limited range of movement

Question 32

3rd class lever - Advantage

Answer 32

Large range of movement & any resistance can be moved quickly

Question 33

3rd class lever - Disadvantage

Answer 33

Cannot apply much force to move an object

Question 34

Scalar quantity

Answer 34

When measurements are only described in terms of size/magnitude - mass, distance, speed

Question 35

Vector quantity

Answer 35

When measurements are described in terms of magnitude & direction - weight, acceleration, displacement, velocity, momentum

Question 36

Mass (kg)

Answer 36

Quantity of matter the body possesses

Question 37

Weight (N)

Answer 37

Force on a given mass due to gravity Weight = Mass X Gravity

Question 38

Distance (m)

Answer 38

Path a body takes as it moves from the starting to the finishing point

Question 39

Displacement (m)

Answer 39

Shortest route in a straight line between the starting & finishing position

Question 40

Speed (m/s)

Answer 40

Body's movement per unit of time with no reference to direction Speed = Distance / Time

Question 41

Velocity (m/s)

Answer 41

Rate of change of displacement Velocity = Displacement / Time

Question 42

Distance-time graph

Answer 42

Gradient=speed changes in y / changes in x

Question 43

Velocity-time graphs

Answer 43

Gradient=acceleration if horizontal=constant velocity

Question 44

Acceleration (m/s2)

Answer 44

Rate of change in velocity Acceleration = Change in Velocity / Time

Question 45

Momentum (kgm/s)

Answer 45

Product of mass & velocity Momentum = Mass X Velocity

Question 46

External force

Answer 46

Comes from outside the body

Question 47

Internal force

Answer 47

Generated by the skeletal muscles

Question 48

Vertical forces

Answer 48

Weight Reaction force

Question 49

Reaction force

Answer 49

Occurs when 2 bodies are in contact with one another

Question 50

Horizontal forces

Answer 50

Static friction Sliding friction Air resistance

Question 51

Static friction

Answer 51

Force exerted on 1 surface by another when there is no motion between the 2 surfaces

Question 52

Sliding friction

Answer 52

2 bodies in contact with each other may have the tendency to slip/slide over each other

Question 53

Friction

Answer 53

Occurs when 2 or more bodies are in contact with 1 another Acts in opposite direction to movement

Question 54

Factors which affect friction

Answer 54

-Surface characteristics=smoother-less friction -Temperature=higher temp-less friction -Mass=larger mass-more friction