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CPT 2024 > Biomechanics > Flashcards

Biomechanics Flashcards

CPT 2024 Theory Exam (84 cards)

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1
Q

What does Anterior/Ventral mean

A

Front

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2
Q

What does Posterior/Dorsal mean

A

Back

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3
Q

What does Superior mean

A

Above (a reference point)

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4
Q

What does Inferior mean

A

Below (a reference point)

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5
Q

What does Proximal mean

A

Position close to centre of the body

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6
Q

What does Distal mean

A

Position farther from reference point

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7
Q

What does Medial mean

A

Position relatively closer to midline of the body

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8
Q

What does Lateral mean

A

To the side or away from the midline of the body

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9
Q

What does Prone mean

A

Lying face down

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10
Q

What does Supine mean

A

Lying on back

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11
Q

What does Deep mean

A

Further beneath surface relative to another reference point

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12
Q

What does Superficial mean

A

Closer to the surface relative to another reference point

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13
Q

What does Unilateral mean

A

Refers to only one side

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14
Q

What does Bilateral mean

A

Refers to both sides

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15
Q

What does Ipsilateral mean

A

On the same side

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16
Q

What does Contralateral mean

A

On the opposite side

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17
Q

What does Caudal mean

A

Toward bottom

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18
Q

What does Cephalic mean

A

Toward head

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19
Q

What does Volar mean

A

Relating to palm of hand or sole of the foot

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20
Q

What does Abduction mean

A

Movement away from midline

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21
Q

What does Adduction mean

A

Movement towards the midline

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22
Q

What does Flexion mean

A

Movement decreases angle between two body parts

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23
Q

What does Extension mean

A

Movement increases angle between two body parts

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24
Q

What is Lateral Flexion

A

Flexion in the frontal plane

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25
What is Protraction
Abduction of the scapula (shoulder)
26
What is Retraction
Adduction of the scapula (shoulder)
27
What is Elevation
Movement in a superior direction
28
What is Depression
Movement in an inferior direction
29
What is Plantarflexion
Extension of the foot downward (inferiorly)
30
What is Dorsiflexsion
Extension of the foot upwards (superiorly)
31
What is External Rotation
Rotational movement away from midline
32
What is Internal Rotation
Rotational movement toward midline
33
What is Circumduction
Circular movement of a limb extending from the joint where the movement is controlled
34
What is Inversion
Movement of the sole of the foot toward the median plane
35
What is Eversion
Movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane
36
What is Pronation
Turning the palm or arch of the foot down
37
What is Supination
Turning the palm or the arch of the foot up
38
What is Hyperextension
Position that extends beyond anatomical neutral
39
What is Ipsilateral
Same side movement
40
What is Contralateral
Opposite side movement
41
What are the three planes of motion
1. Frontal 2. Sagittal 3. Transverse
42
How is the Frontal plane divided
Imaginary line that divides the body into front and back halves. Any lateral (side) movement parallel to the line will occur in front plane.
43
How is the Sagittal plane divided
Imaginary line that divides the body into right and left halves. Any forward/backward movement parallel to the line will occur in sagittal plane.
44
How is the Transverse plane divided
Imaginary line that divides the body into superior and inferior halves. Any rotational movement parallel to the line will occur in transverse plane.
45
Shoulder lat raises happen in what movement plane
Frontal
46
Bench press / chest press happen in what movement plane
Sagittal
47
Russian twists happen in what movement plane
Transverse
48
List 4 movements in the Frontal Plan
Abduction, Adduction, Scapula depression/elevation, Scapula upward/downward rotation, Eversion, Inversion
49
List 4 movements in the Sagittal Plane
Flexion, Extension, Dorsiflexion, Plantarflexion, Knee flexsion/extention, Trunk flexion/extention
50
List 4 movements in the Transverse Plane
Rotation (neck, torso, head), Scapular retraction/protraction, lateral rotation, medial rotation, internal/external rotation
51
What is Balance
Even distribution of weight
52
What is Equilibrium
Opposing forces influences are balanced
53
What is Stability
Ability to control and maintain joint movement or body position
54
What is Center of Gravity
Hypothetical position in the body where the combined mass appears to be concentrated and the point around which gravity appears to act
55
What is Muscular Force
The contraction of a muscle while exerting a force and performing work
56
What joints typically need greater mobility
Foot, ankle, hip, thoracic spine, shoulder, wrist
57
What joints typically need greater stability
Knee, lumbar spine, cervical spine, elbow
58
What is an Agonist Muscle
Prime mover
59
What is an Antagonist Muscle
Opposing muscle to prime mover
60
What is the origin of a muscle
The proximal (closest to midline of the body) muscular attachment point to a bone
61
What is the Insertion point of a muscle
The distal muscular attachment point to a bone
62
What is Sherrington's Law of Reciprocal Inhibition
A law that states for every muscle activation there is a corresponding inhibition of the opposing muscle
63
What is the origin and insertion points for Biceps Brachii
Origin: Long head Supraglenoid tubercle & upper lip of glenoid fossa / Short head coracoid process of scapula & upper lip of glenoid fossa Insertion: Tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis
64
What is the origin and insertion points for Brachialis
Origin: Distal half of anterior portion of Humerus Insertion: Coronoid process of the Ulna
65
What is the origin and insertion points for Triceps Brachii
Origin: - Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle below inferior lip of glenoid fossa of scapula - Lateral Head: Upper half of posterior surface of Humerus - Medial Head: Distal 2/3 of posterior surface of humerus Insertion: Olecranon process of the Ulna
66
Muscles of the upper arm
1. Humerus (bone) 2. Biceps brachii (long & short head) 3. Triceps brachii (lateral, long and medial head) 4. Brachialis
67
Muscles of the forearm (Anterior Superficial)
Brachioradialis Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Palmaris Longus Flexor Capri ulnaris
68
Muscles of the forearm (Posterior Superficial)
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum
69
Muscles of the shoulder
Supraspinarus Spine of scapula Teres minor Infraspinatus Subscapularis
70
Muscles of the deltoid
Posterior deltoid Lateral Deltoid Anterior deltoid
71
What is the origin and insertion points for Deltoid
Origin: Anterior: Anterior lateral third of clavical Middle: Lateral aspects of acromion Inferior: Inferior edge of spine scapula Insertion: Anterior: Deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus Middle: Deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus Inferior: Deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus
72
What is the origin and insertion points for Subscapularis
Origin: Entire anterior surface of subscapular fossa Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
73
Muscles of the back
Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi External Obliques Semispinalis capitis Semispinalis cervicis Quadratus lumboum Rhombiod minor and major Multifidus Spinalis Longissimus Illiocostalis
74
What three muscles make up the erector spinae group
Spinalis, longissimus, Illocostalis
75
What is the origin and insertion points for Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: Posterior crest of ilium, back of sacrum and spinous process of lumbar and lower T6-T12 Insertion: Medial side of the intertubercular groove of humerus
76
What is the origin and insertion points for Trapezius
Origin: Upper: Base of skull, Middle: Spinous process of 7C and T1-T3 Lower: Spinous process of T4-T12 Insertion Upper: Posterior aspect of the lateral clavicle Middle: Medial border of the acromion process Lower: Base of scapular spine
77
Muscles of the Midsection
External oblique, Internal oblique Rectus abdominis Transverse abdominis Linea alba Linea semilunaris Rectus sheath Erector spinae
78
What is the origin and insertion points for Rectus Abdominis
Origin: Pubis Insertion: Inferior surfaces of costal cartilages
79
What is the origin and insertion points for Transverse Abdominis
Origin: Lower ribs, iliac crest and lumbodorsal fascia Insertion: Linea alba and pubis
80
Muscles of the chest
Pectoralis major & minor Subclavius
81
Muscles of the upper leg (anterior)
Tensor fasciae latea Sartorius Adductor longus Gracilis Rectus femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis
82
Muscles of the hip
Psoas Iliacus
83
Muscles of the upper leg (posterior)
Gluteus medius, minimus and maximus Gracilis Vastus lateralis Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
84
Muscles of the lower leg
Tibialis anterior and posterior Peroneus longus Extensor digitorum longus Extensor Hallucis longus Gastrocnemius Soleus Peroneus Brevis

CPT 2024 (9 decks)

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