Energy and Metabolism

Question 1

What is Metabolism

Answer 1

Chemical processes that occur in the body to support life, including converting food to energy

Question 2

What are three types of Macronutrients

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, Protein and Fat

Question 3

What are Mitochondria

Answer 3

Powerhouse of the cell, they convert macronutrients into chemical energy for the cell. A higher mitochondria density = higher energy output

Question 4

What is Golgi Apparatus

Answer 4

Helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell

Question 5

One of the main sources of energy for the body and are broken down into glucose or stored as glycogen in the liver/muscle for future use

Answer 5

Carbohydrates

Question 6

A simple sugar that the body uses for energy production on the cellular level

Answer 6

Glucose

Question 7

Glycolysis

Answer 7

The breakdown of glucose

Question 8

ATP is composed of what

Answer 8

Glucose and fatty acids

Question 9

What are the three energy systems

Answer 9

1. ATP/CP (Anaerobic)
2. Glycolysis (Anaerobic)
3. Oxidative (Aerobic)

Question 10

What is Anaerobic Glycolysis

Answer 10

Breakdown of glucose for energy

Question 11

What is a by product of Anaerobic Glycolysis

Answer 11

Lactate

Question 12

What is ATP/CP

Answer 12

The anaerobic energy system that provides rapid energy using creatine phosphate to generate ATP

Question 13

What is Creatine Phosphate

Answer 13

A high energy molecule stored in skeletal muscle, myocardium and the brain

Question 14

What is the Anaerobic Threshold

Answer 14

The point at which the body switches from aerobic metabolism to primarily anaerobic metabolism

Question 15

What is the Lactate Threshold

Answer 15

Point where the muscle tissue begins to make large amounts of lactate - can lead to lactic acidosis

Question 16

What are the three Aerobic Energy pathways

Answer 16

1. Aerobic Glycolysis
2. Oxidation
3. Gluconeogenesis

Question 17

What is Aerobic Glycolysis

Answer 17

The breakdown of glucose to ATP in the presence of oxygen

Question 18

What is the by product of Aerobic Glycolysis

Answer 18

Pyruvate

Question 19

What is Pyruvate

Answer 19

A by product of aerobic glycolysis which serves as a transitional molecule.

Question 20

What does Pyruvate breakdown to

Answer 20

Acetyl coenzyme (acetyl - CoA)

Question 21

What is the Krebs Cycle

Answer 21

Chemical reactions inside the mitochondria that use AcetylCoA to generate ATP and other substances that contribute to the electron transport chain - only occurs in aerobic pathways

Question 22

What are Triglycerides and how many ATP

Answer 22

Stored fat = 129 ATP

Question 23

What is Gluconeogenesis

Answer 23

Process by which muscle protein is broken down to glucose in the liver. Happens during times of starvation, long duration, insufficient glucose

Question 24

What is Hypoglycemia

Answer 24

Excessively low blood glucose levels

Question 25

How many calories in Nutritional Carbohydrate

Answer 25

4 Cal

Question 26

How many calories in Nutritional Protein

Answer 26

4 Cal

Question 27

How many calories in Nutritional Fat

Answer 27

9 Cal

Question 28

Positive Energy Balance

Answer 28

Weight gain - more energy consumed than expended

Question 29

Negative Energy Balance

Answer 29

Weight loss - more energy expanded than consumed

Question 30

Fat loss goal (in calories)

Answer 30

200 - 500 caloric deficit

Question 31

Muscle gain goal (in calories)

Answer 31

200 - 500 caloric surplus

Question 32

What is Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

Answer 32

The energy expenditure of metabolic and physical processes when the body is at rest - 70% of the body's TDEE

Question 33

What is Daily Calorie Expenditure (DCE)

Answer 33

The total number of calories an individual expends including RMR

Question 34

Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (EAT)

Answer 34

Energy expended as a result of planned exercise (5% of TDEE)

Question 35

Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)

Answer 35

Energy expenditure as a result of any movement, including daily activities such as laundry (20% of TDEE)

Question 36

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

Answer 36

The energy expenditure associated with food digestion and absorption (10% of TDEE)

Question 37

Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)

Answer 37

The accumulated calorie burn made up of RMR (70%), TEF (10%), EAT (5%) and NEAT (20%)