biomechanics

Question 1

types of motion

Answer 1

• linear
• angular

Question 2

linear motion

Answer 2

• occurs when body and its parts move in a line (straight or curved
• all parts move in the same direction at the same time

Question 3

types of forces

Answer 3

• applied
• gravitational
• friction

Question 4

applied

Answer 4

• one object exerts on another object
  – of the pedal

Question 5

gravitational

Answer 5

• force of attraction between two bodies of objects
  – the body

Question 6

friction

Answer 6

• occurs when two surfaces come in contact with each other
  – the wheel

Question 7

torque

Answer 7

the turning effect produced by a force

Question 8

torque- angular motion

Answer 8

involves rotation around a central axis or fixed point

Question 9

how to increase torque

Answer 9

apply more force to the object
- change lever length
- longer lever greater velocity

Question 10

conservation of momentum

Answer 10

a measure of the amount of motion an object has and its resistance to changing that motion
- when a collision occurs momentum will be conserved, and passed onto the object with a greater momentum

Question 11

force summation

Answer 11

• the process of generating maximal force

Question 12

principles of force summation

Answer 12

• using as many body parts as possible
• activating the stronger larger muscles first- enables them to generate a large amount of force that can be passed on to other body parts
• transfer of momentum from one body part to another when at maximal velocity
• a stable base for maximal acceleration
• follow through to prevent unnecessary deceleration

Question 13

angular momentum

Answer 13

a measure of how much rotation a body has around an axis

Question 14

impulse

Answer 14

equal to the change in momentum of an object
- when throwing you increase force by using more body parts

Question 15

momentum breaker and maker

Answer 15

breaker - impulse remains the same - catching a ball momentum stops

maker - impulse can be increased - a ball with no momentum putting maximal force will increase impulse, also increasing change in momentum

Question 16

newtons first law

Answer 16

law of inertia- a body will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on an external force

Question 17

momentum

Answer 17

the quantity of motion a particular body mass has

Question 18

newtons second law

Answer 18

the law of acceleration- a force applied to an object will produce a change in motion in the direction of the applied force, that is directly proportional to the size of the force

Question 19

acceleration

Answer 19

how quickly an object changes its velocity in meters

Question 20

newtons third law

Answer 20

the law of action/reaction- for every action (force/torque applied) there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 21

projectile motion

Answer 21

the movement of an object though the air - gravity and air resistance.

Question 22

factors an athlete can adjust

Answer 22

• speed of release
• angle of release
• height of release

Question 23

speed of release

Answer 23

• the speed at which an object is thrown, kicked or propelled into the air
• to use as many body parts as possible

Question 24

height of release

Answer 24

• the difference between the height that a projectile is released from and the height at which it lands
• if the angle and speed are constant, the object released from a higher point will travel further

Question 25

angle of release

Answer 25

the angle at which a body or object is projected into the air in relation to the horizontal - desired angle of release should be referenced to 45 degrees

Question 26

equilibrium

Answer 26

the state of motion either rest or constant velocity during movement where all forces and torques are balanced - static - dynamic

Question 27

static

Answer 27

the degree to which a body resist changing its equilibrium

Question 28

dynamic

Answer 28

ability to control state of equilibrium

Question 29

balance

Answer 29

the ability to control equilibrium while stationary or moving

Question 30

stability

Answer 30

a bodies ability to resist change in its current state

Question 31

factors that an athlete can manipulate stability

Answer 31

- base of support - line of gravity - center of gravity - body mass - friction

Question 32

levers components

Answer 32

- axis- point of rotation - force - resistance- load to be overcome