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PE Studies Term 3 > Biomechanics 2 > Flashcards

Biomechanics 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘Momentum’

A

Momentum is a measure of the amount of motion possessed by a moving body. It is the product of mass and velocity

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2
Q

What is the formula for Momentum

A

Momentum = Mass x Velocity

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3
Q

An object can only have momentum if?

A

The object is moving

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4
Q

Define ‘Impulse-Momentum Relationship’

A

Impulse is the application of force over a period of time to change the momentum of an object.

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5
Q

What is the formula for Impulse

A

force × time

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6
Q

Impulse in important in what type of situations

A

impact/collisions

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7
Q

To increase momentum what needs to be done

A

Increase the force component

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8
Q

To decrease momentum what needs to be done

A

one typically looks to increase the time component.

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9
Q

What is conservation of linear momentum

A

Principle states the total momentum of two objects before and after impact are equal.

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10
Q

conservation of linear momentum only occurs because of what

A

Perfect elastic collisions

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11
Q

What is the ‘Kinematic Chain’

A

Is a process that determines how to best use body segments depending on the demands of the task

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12
Q

Define ‘Power’ in terms of Summation of Force

A

More segments used. Forces usually sequentially summated

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13
Q

Define ‘Accuracy’ in terms of Summation of Force

A

Less segments needed and usually summated simultaneously

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14
Q

What does ‘Simultaneously’ mean in Summation of Force & what is it generally used for

A

Where all body parts move at the same time to produce a force
- used for accuracy

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15
Q

What does ‘Sequentially’ mean in Summation of Force & what is it generally used for

A

Sequential combination of forces produced by different parts of the body, acting together to maximise force
- Used for throwing, kicking, or striking

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16
Q

Define ‘Projectile Motion’

A

A projectile is an object propelled into the air or water and affected only by the forces of gravity and air resistance.

17
Q

What is the difference between Air resistance
& Gravity

A
  • Without air resistance, a projectiles horizontal velocity would remain constant
  • Downwards force which brings projectiles back to the ground (“what comes up, must come down”)
18
Q

There’s 2 components causing the trajectory of a projectile what are they? & the difference between them

A
  • Horizontal = Affected by air resistance and relates specifically to the horizontal distance covered by a projectile
  • Vertical = Affected by gravity and relates specifically to the height reached by the projectile
19
Q

The flight path of a projectile is determined by?

A

HAV
H = Height of release
A = Angle of release
V = Velocity/Speed of release

20
Q

What is meant by the Height of Release

A

The greater the height of release of a projectile, the greater the horizontal distance it will cover, provided all other factors are equal.

21
Q

What is the optimum height of release

A

Optimal angle of release is = 45⁰

22
Q

What is the optimum height of release with a lowered position

A

Optimal angle of release is > 45⁰

23
Q

What is the optimum height of release with a higher position

A

Optimal angle of release is < 45⁰

24
Q

Define Angle of Release & what is the optimum angle of release

A

The angle of release of a projectile determines trajectory shape.
- Theoretical optimal angle of release for distance = 45⁰

25
Q

An angle of greater than 45⁰ results in what?

A
  • Shorter horizontal distances
  • Greater vertical distances
  • Longer flight times
26
Q

An angle of less than 45⁰ results in what?

A
  • shorter horizontal distances
  • shorter vertical distances
  • shorter flight times
27
Q

Define Velocity/Speed of Release

A

The greater the speed or velocity of release, the greater the distance a projectile will carry.
The speed of release is the most important factor when maximising the distance travelled.

28
Q

What does the Velocity of projectile at instant of release determine

A

height + length

29
Q

Define ‘Balance’

A

Ability to neutralize forces that disturb the equilibrium

30
Q

State the difference in Static & Dynamic Balance

A

-Static = Ability to hold a stationary position
- Dynamic = Ability to hold a moving position to execute an outcome

31
Q

What does COG Center of gravity mean

A

Theoretical point in an object, located either inside or ouside of the body, where all of the body’s mass is equally distributed

32
Q

What is the Line of Gravity

A

Imaginary line, passing downwards through the center of gravity to the ground or surface

PE Studies Term 3 (4 decks)

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