biomechanics Flashcards
biomechanics midterms (20 cards)
What are the 7 tenants of the Therapeutic Order?
- Establish the conditions for health
- stimulate the helaing power of nature (vis mediatrix naturae): the self-healing processes
- Address weakened or damaged systems or organs
- Correct structural integrity with first and second order intervention
- address pathology with natural substances/interventions
- address pathology with pharmacological or synthetic substances
- suppress or surgically remove pathology
What is the difference between 1st and 2nd order intervention when it comes to correcting structural integrity?
First order intervention is manipulation, therapeutic exercise, massage or surgery FOR MICROTRAUMA, MACROTRAUMA, REPETITIVE STRESS, POSTURAL SYNDROMES, CONGENITAL CONDITIONS.
2nd order is the same measures to address STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS THAT ARE THE RESULT OF STRESS UPON INTERNAL SYSTEMS, e.g. digestive disorders causing back pain
The autonomic nervous system is divided between sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations. Where do these systems stem from/what part of the spine?
Sympathetic is T1-L2 (thoracic)
Parasympathetic comes from Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X
Sacral 2-4
What are the 4 types of autonomic reflexes?
Somato-visceral influences
viscero-somatic influences
viscero-viceral reflexes
psycho-somato-visceral reflexes
Define Kinesiology
the study of motion or human movement
Define biomechanics
the application of the principles of physics to human motion
What do both biomechanics and kinesiology involve and what do they evaluate?
involves neurological, skeletal and musculotendinous structure. Both help evaluate structure and function.
Define Kinematics
the branch of biomechanics that describes the motion of the body, without regard to the forces or torque that may produce the motion
what are the 2 branches of kinematics?
osteokinematics and arthrokinematics
Define osteokinematics
describes movement of the bone
define arthrokinematics
describes the movement of the joint surface
what are the 2 types of kinematic motion?
translation and rotation
define translation
a kinematic motion. A linear motion in which all parts of a body move in the same direction.
rectilinear (glide in straight line)
curvilinear (glides in a curved line)
define rotation
a kinematic motion in which body parts move in a circular path around a pivot point (elbow around its axis)
rotation and translation can be described in 2 ways…
active (movement caused by muscle action) and passive movement (movement caused by sources outside the body, e.g. gravity, manipulation/bodywork)
describe planes of motion
imaginary 2D surface through which a limb or a body segment is moved. Sagittal, frontal, transverse
Define Axes of Motion
axis of motion is an imaginary line perpendicular to the plane of motion and passing through the center of rotation.
x-axis: frontal/coronal
y-axis: longitudinal/vertical
z-axis: sagittal
in what plane and axis does flexion and extension occur?
sagittal plane, frontal axis (x)
in what plane and axis does abduction and adduction occur?
in frontal plane, on sagittal axis (z)
in what plane and axis does rotation occur?
in the transverse plane, around the longitudinal axis (y)
