Biomechanics/Joints Flashcards
(46 cards)
Newton’s 1st Law
Law of Inertia: a body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will remain in motion unless acted on by an external force
Inertia
reluctance to change
center of mass
the point which the body’s mass is equally distributed in all directions
velocity
a body in constant state of motion (stillness or movement); stillness is 0 velocity
acceleration
any change in velocity is called acceleration; can be negative, zero or positive
force
any push or pull that changes the acceleration of a body
no motion
center of mass over base (touching toes)
linear motion
force passes directly through center of mass (displacement)
rotational motion
force passes off center (swinging on a bar)
torque
force x lever arm
motion to stationary
movement to stopping, getting energy over time (controlled fall onto hands) or surface area (roll backwards)
frontal plane
divides body into front and back halves
-linear movement: lunge sideways
-rotational movement: abduction + adduction
saggital plane
divides body into left and right sides
-linear movement: walking, lunging forward/backward
-rotational movement: flexion, extension
transverse plane
divides body into top and bottom halves
-rotational movement: internal/external rotation, supination/pronation
skeletal system functions
-support soft tissues and protect organs
-bones provide attachment sites for muscles
-long and flat bones are a site for production of red/white cells and platelets
-calcium and phosphorus stored in bones and teeth
-bones are a trap for dangerous minerals like lead
long bones
any bone whose length exceeds its diameter (femur, tibia, radius)
short bones
wrist (27) and ankle (shock absorbers)
flat bones
protect underlying organs (skull, clavicle, scapula)
irregular bones
vertebrae
sesamoid bones
oval bones found in tendons (patella)
cortical tissue
dense, solid bone (outer shell)
trabecular tissue
spongy, lattice like (inner scaffolding)
os
bone
process
bony projection
