Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise Flashcards
Proximal attachment
Muscle origin; point closest to the center of the body
Distal attachment
Muscle insertion; point farthest from the center of the body
Agonist
Prime mover; muscle most directly involved in producing a movement
Antagonist
A muscle that slows or stops a movement; may also assist in joint stabilization
Synergist
Muscles that assist indirectly in a movement; may also help to stabilize the bone
Advantage of a long lever
Smaller required muscle force
Disadvantage of a long lever
Reduced movement speed
Sagittal Plane
Divides body left to right; bicep curls
Frontal Plane
Divides body front to back; lateral shoulder raise
Transverse Plane
Divides body into upper and lower sections; internal and external rotation of the shoulder, hip, torso, etc
Newton’s 2nd Law: Force =
Mass x acceleration
Work Equation
Work = Force x Displacement (distance object travels)
Power Equation
Power = Work/time
What muscle action is indicated by negative (-) work or power
Eccentric muscle action; the weight being lifted is applying more force to the muscle than the muscle is applying to the weight
Equation for rotational work around a joint
Rotational work = torque x angular displacement