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MSK - 2 - Biomechanics > Biomechanics of the Spine > Flashcards

Biomechanics of the Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Biomechanics

Describe the arthrokinematics at C0-1 during flexion.

Spine

A

Anterior Roll
Posterior Glide

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2
Q

Biomechanics

The Alar Ligament limits which motions of the upper cervical spine?

Spine

A

SB = Rot > Ext

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3
Q

Biomechanics

The Transverse Ligament of Atlas limits which motions of the upper cervical spine?

Spine

A

Flexion

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4
Q

Biomechanics

During protraction of the cranium, the lower cervical spine ____ as upper craniocervical region ____.

Spine

A
  • Flexes
  • Extends
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5
Q

Biomechanics

Describe the arthrokinematics at C1-2 during right rotation.

Spine

A

Anterior Glide on the Left
Posterior Glide on the Right

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6
Q

Biomechanics

Describe the arthrokinematics at C0-2 during right side-bending.

Spine

A

C1 glides Ipsilaterally within the intercollated segment of C0-2

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7
Q

Biomechanics

During right rotation, the upper cervical spine side-bends to the ____ and the lower cervical spine side-bends to the ____.

Spine

A
  • Left
  • Right
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8
Q

Biomechanics

Describe the arthrokinematics at the C2-3 facets during right side-bending or right rotation.

Spine

A

Right Facet: Inferior-posterior Down-glide
Left Facet: Superior-anterior Up-glide

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9
Q

Biomechanics

Describe the arthrokinematics at the C2-3 facets during Extension.

Spine

A

Bilateral Posterior-inferior Down-glides

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10
Q

Biomechanics

Describe the arthrokinematics at the C2-3 uncovertebral joints during right side-bending.

Spine

A
  • Roll Right
  • Glide Left
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11
Q

Biomechanics

Describe the facet oreintation in the cervical spine.

Spine

A
  • 45° Vertically towards the eyes
  • No rotation in the transverse plane
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12
Q

Biomechanics

Describe the facet oreintation in the thoracic spine.

Spine

A
  • 60° Vertically towards the eyes
  • 20° rotation in the transverse plane
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13
Q

Biomechanics

Describe the facet oreintation in the lumbar spine.

Spine

A
  • 90° Vertically
  • 90° rotation in the transverse plane
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14
Q

Biomechanics

What gives the thoracic spine its kyphotic shape.

Spine

A

The wedge shape of the vertebral bodies.
(4°/vertebra)

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15
Q

Biomechanics

Which ribs attach directly on the sternum? Do these ribs move in a pump or bucket handle movement?

Spine

A

Ribs 1-7
Pump Handle

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16
Q

Biomechanics

Which ribs attach indirectly to the sternum? Do these ribs move in a pump or bucket handle movement?

Spine

A

Ribs 8-10
Bucket Handle

17
Q

Biomechanics

During anterior pelvic tilt the sacrum tilts ____ and the lumbar spine ____. If the pelvic movement is greater than the sacral tilt, this would be considered ____.

Spine

A
  • Anteriorly
  • Extends
  • Counternutation
18
Q

Biomechanics

The vertebral artery has limited blood flow with which combination of motions after it enters the spine at which vertebral level?

Spine

A

Contralateral Rotation + Extension
C6

19
Q

Biomechanics

Upper cervical flexion is maximized by (protraction or retraction); whereas, upper cervical extension is maximized by (protraction or retraction).

Spine

A
  • Retraction
  • Protraction
20
Q

Biomechanics

Which spinal regions contribute the most motion to overall spinal flexion and extension?

Spine

A
  • Cervical
  • Lower Thoracic
  • Lumbar
21
Q

Biomechanics

Which spinal regions contribute the most motion to overall spinal side-bending?

Spine

A

Similar contributions throughout the spine except for C1-2

22
Q

Biomechanics

Which spinal regions contribute the most motion to overall spinal rotation?

Spine

A
  • C1-2
  • Lower Cervical Spine
  • Upper Thoracic Spine
23
Q

Biomechanics

Thoracic discs are a primary limitaiton of which two motions?

Spine

A
  • Thoracic Rotation
  • Thoracic Flexion
    The ribs also aid with resisting flexion motions.
24
Q

Biomechanics

Mobility at which regions of the thoracic spine most contribute to the following adjacent regions?
* Lower Cervical
* Shoulder
* Lumbar

Spine

A
  • T1-4
  • T1-6
  • T7-12
25
Q

Biomechanics

What biomechanical factor is the most closely correlated with neck pain?

Spine

A

The inability to rotate in the transverse plane along an axis through the cervical spine.
(over 72% of patients)

26
Q

Biomechanics

Describe the sequence of disc derangement at the TMJ.

Spine

A
  • Aberrant Movement Leads to Posterior Pinching and Subluxation
  • Anterior Disc Displacement With Reduction (Clicks)
  • Anterior Disc Displacement Without Reduction (No Clicks)
  • Posterior Disc Displacement With or Without Reduction
27
Q

Biomechanics

Describe closed and open locking of the TMJ.

Spine

A

Closed Lock - The disc becomes anteriorly displaced and prevents the anterior glide in the superior cavity when opening the mouth (mouth stuck closed).

Open Lock - The disc becomes posteriorly displaced and prevents the posterior glide in the superior cavity when closing the mouth (mouth stuck open).

POAK: Posterior-Open. Anterior-Closed.

28
Q

Biomechanics

When the TMJ is restricted muscularly or in the joint, the jaw will deviate (toward or away) from the side of restriction?

Spine

A

Toward

MSK - 2 - Biomechanics (16 decks)

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