Biomechanics Quiz 1

Question 1

what is biomechanics

Answer 1

study of the structure and function of biological systems; OR

the forces and effects on living systems (Herbert Hatze)

Question 2

mechanics

Answer 2

forces acting on objects

Question 3

rigid body mechanics are best suited for what?

Answer 3

describing gross human movement

Question 4

rigid body mechanics makes what assumption

Answer 4

objects investigated are assumed to be rigid

Question 5

2 ways to measure rigid body mechanics:

Answer 5

1) statics 2) dynamics

Question 6

dynamics has what two categories?

Answer 6

1) kinematics 2) kinetics

Question 7

what are statics

Answer 7

mechanics of objects at rest

Question 8

what are dynamics

Answer 8

mechanics of in accelerated motion

Question 9

what is kinematics

Answer 9

the forces that cause changes in motion (description of the motion)

Question 10

who uses biomechanics?

Answer 10

trainers, PT, OT, physicians, nurses, engineers, researchers

Question 11

what is biomechanics used for?

Answer 11

improving sports, performance, injury prevention, product design, improving physical functions

Question 12

ligaments connect:

Answer 12

bone to bone

Question 13

tendons connect:

Answer 13

muscle to bone

Question 14

bone function

Answer 14

1. mechanical support and protection
2. protect vital organs
3. housing marrow

Question 15

bones by shape

Answer 15

long
short
flat
sesamoid
irregular

Question 16

long bones

Answer 16

falanges
metacarpals
metatarsals 
tibia
fibula

Question 17

short bones

Answer 17

carpels
tarsals
*
notes: link exceeds its width, no cavity

Question 18

flat bones

Answer 18

skull
facial bones
sternum

Question 19

irregular bones

Answer 19

vertebrae
pelvis
clavicle

Question 20

sesamoid bones

Answer 20

patella
toes + hands

notes: over joint, within a tendon.

Question 21

sesamoid bones function

Answer 21

protect the tendon, leverage

Question 22

periosteum outer layer is made up of what type?

Answer 22

fibrous

Question 23

periosteum inner layer

Answer 23

osteogenic: osteoclasts + osteoblasts

Question 24

endosteum location

Answer 24

inside medullary cavity

surface of spongy bone and Haversian canals

Question 25

Sharpee's fibers function

Answer 25

keeping periosteum adhered to bone

Question 26

what is periostitis?

Answer 26

inflammation of periosteum | precursor for stress fracture

Question 27

3 types of cartilage

Answer 27

1. hyaline 2. fibro 3. elastic

Question 28

what is hyaline cartilage

Answer 28

most abundant joints

Question 29

what is the function of hyaline cartilage

Answer 29

protect articular surfaces

Question 30

where is fibrocartilage

Answer 30

meniscus and intervertebral discs

Question 31

function fo fibrocartilage

Answer 31

shock absorbers

Question 32

where is elastic cartilage

Answer 32

epiglottis and ears

Question 33

3 categories of joints

Answer 33

1. fibrous 2. cartilaginous 3. synovial

Question 34

what are sutures

Answer 34

lines where different cranial bones bind together

Question 35

syndesmosis

Answer 35

between radius and ulna that allows twisting | where: tibia + fibula

Question 36

gomphoses

Answer 36

root of teeth intact | slight movement

Question 37

cartilaginous joints do what? located where? made up of?

Answer 37

allow some movement between bones (minimal) located at: epiphyseal plate made up of: hyaline and fibro

Question 38

synovial joints do what? located where? made up of?

Answer 38

provide range of stability located at: pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs made up of: hyaline and fibro

Question 39

3 planes of motion

Answer 39

1. horizontal 2. sagital 3. frontal (coronal)

Question 40

plane of motion that is horizontal:

Answer 40

transverse plane

Question 41

dynamic type of motion

Answer 41

flexion

Question 42

static type of motion

Answer 42

extended/flexed

Question 43

accessory motions: translations

Answer 43

sliding and gliding

Question 44

hinge joint

Answer 44

uniaxial notes: flexion/extension humero-unal joint (elbox)

Question 45

pivot joint

Answer 45

uniaxial notes: radial head meets ulna

Question 46

saddle joint

Answer 46

biaxial notes: carpal, metacarpal, and sternoclavicular

Question 47

fibrous joints

Answer 47

stable-very little movement notes: sutures, syndesmosis, gomphoses

Question 48

long bone geometry

Answer 48

TOP: proximal epiphysis (spongey bone) MIDDLE: diaphysis / medullary (compact bone) BOTTOM: distal epiphysis

Question 49

plane joint | located?

Answer 49

non-axial planar and gliding located: between carpals and tarsals