Biomechanics Unit 4 Part 2 Flashcards

(42 cards)

1
Q

What forms the wrist joint

A

distal radius, structures in ulnocarpal space, carpal bones and proximal ends of metacarpals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

proximal row of carpals bones

A

triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

distal row of carpals

A

hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

odd bone out

A

pisiform - anterior to triquetrum - easily palpated at pinky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What inserts into the pisisform bone

A

flexor carpi ulnaris (flexes and adducts the wrist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The wrist is a stable joint

A

YES due to intricate ligamentous structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What carpal bones articulate with the radius - what kind of joint

A

lunate and scaphoid - condyloid joint (oval shaped condyloid - capral- fits into depression - radius)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What articulates with the ulna

A

triquetrium via triangular shaped inter-articular disc which occupies ulnocarpal space (apex: styloid procress of ulna and base: ulnar notoch of radius)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what movemetns does the wrist do and numbers

A

flexion (90) and extension (80)

ab (15-20) and adduction (35)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Joints of the hand include….

A

CMC, IMC, MCP, PIP, DIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which is the most freely moving CMC joint and why - type of joint

A

first - trapezium and thumb - allows us to oppose other figners - saddle join

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of joint is the MCP joints

A

condlyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

type of joint is PIP and DIP

A

hinge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which metacarpals are pretty much immobile

A

second and third

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what ROM do 4th and 5th MC produce

A

10-15 4th and 20-30 5th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MCP joints
flexion:
E:

A

F: 90
E: depends on laxity of individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PIP and DIP only allow what movement and which is has a greater ROM

A

flexion and etension
PIP - more flexion - 100-110
DIP: 90

18
Q
Thumb ROM
flexion (what is it)
extension) 
extension
abuduction
A

F: moving across the palm - 15
E: moving to side of palm -20
Ab: away from hand - 60

19
Q

What influences wrist movements

A

it’s position and whether the fingers are extended or not –> changes functional msucle length

20
Q

Components of the spine

A

24 unfused vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lubar,, sacrum (5) and coccyx (4)

21
Q

describe a vertebrae

A

flat, round body palced anteriorly and centrally - vertebral body. Arch of bone (neural arch) that froms spinal foramen (spinal cord runs thorguh), spinous process projects posteriorly inferiorly and centrally, two transverse processes laterally

22
Q

Function of transverse processes

A

anchorage sites for ligaments and muscles which stabilise and move the spine

23
Q

Articulations of the vertbrae are….

A

vertebral body - IV disc and two facet joints (upper and lower) on each side

24
Q

two functions of IV disc

A

bear and distribute load, restrain excessive motion

25
What makes the IV disc
outer annulus fibrosus and inner nucleus pulposus (sits centrally in most, posteriorly in lumbar)
26
Describe the nucleus pulposus
formed by strong hydrophilic gel enmeshed in random collagen matrix
27
function of nucleus pulposus
gel produces a high water content therefore elevated nucleus pressure - balanced the applied compressive stress --> increased applied stress water driven out unitl new steady state is reached, if stress decreases then rehydrates
28
How much height do we lose during the day and why
about 1cm as the mechanism of rehydration can't be maintained for a long period of time therefore results in decreased disc height
29
describe the annulus fibrosus
tough layer made of collagen fibres - form concentric layers (lamellae) with alternating orientations of collagen fibres - resists high bending and torsional loads
30
What is the most mobile region of the spien
cervical spine
31
which cervicl vertebrae are special
C1 (atlas)and C2 (axis)
32
Why is the atlas different
no body but has an oval fossa that articulates with the axis
33
describe the axis
articular process projecting superiorly called the dens that articulates with the oval fossa of atlas - allows the atlas to rotate
34
What is different about thoracic vertebrae
attach to ribs
35
Where do ribs articulate on thoracic vertebrae
head attaches to body of vertebrae on same level and (2-9) above it (via costal facet joints) and tubercle attaches to transverse process
36
The ribs allow extra mobility of the thoracic spine
FALSE limit mobility with only limited degree of flexion and extension
37
What makes the lumabr vertebrae different
They ahve larger bodies as they carry significantly larger loads
38
What joins the sacrum to the pelvis
fibrous joints -- small amount of motion
39
ROM of spine
varies among individuals depending on age and sex
40
Flexion and extension of spine
flexion: forward extension: backwards greatest in cervical (around 30) lowest in thoracic (3 degrees)
41
Lateral bending
most - cervical (non between occiput, C1 and C2) | least -thoracic
42
Difference of load on the spine between relaxed sitting and standing
The moment arm of the upper body weight is larger when relaxed sitting therefore back muscles must produce a larger force to counter act the resistive load (causing more compression on spine)