Biomechanics: Vocab N Stuff

Question 1

Define mechanics

Answer 1

study of forces and motions produced by their actions

Question 2

What does statics deal with?

Answer 2

factors associated with nonmoving systems

Question 3

What does dynamics deal with?

Answer 3

factors associated with moving systems

Question 4

Define kinetics

Answer 4

the forces causing the motion of the body

Question 5

Define kinematics

Answer 5

time, space, and mass of the moving system

Question 6

Define osteokinematics

Answer 6

bones moving in space in regard to joint surface

Question 7

Define arthrokinematics

Answer 7

the manner in which joint surfaces move in relation to each other (concave)

Question 8

Define vector

Answer 8

quantity having both magnitude and direction

Question 9

Define scalar

Answer 9

quantity having only magnitude

Question 10

Define inertia

Answer 10

a change in motion in either speed or direction

Question 11

What is a force?

Answer 11

a type of vector

Question 12

Define linear force

Answer 12

in a linear 2-force system, the forces act on the same line in the same or opposite direction

Question 13

What is the vector loop equation for a four bar mechanism all heading to one point?

Answer 13

top half = bottom half

Question 14

Define parallel forces

Answer 14

forces in the same plane and in the same or opposite directions

Question 15

Define concurrent forces

Answer 15

two or more forces act from the same common point but pull in different directions

Question 16

Define a force couple

Answer 16

two forces acting in an equal but opposite direction resulting in a turning effect

Question 17

What is a couple?

Answer 17

something that has a tendency to rotate around points

Question 18

What is the angle of pull?

Answer 18

the angle between muscle insertion and bone on which it inserts

Question 19

What are the three components of force?

Answer 19

angular/rotary force, stabilizing force, dislocating force

Question 20

Describe angular/rotary force

Answer 20

force of a muscle contributing to bone’s movement around a joint axis; greatest when muscle’s angle of pull is perpendicular to bone (90*)

Question 21

Describe stabilizing force

Answer 21

degree of parallel forces generated on the lever (bone/joint) when the muscles angle of pull is less than 90*

Question 22

Describe dislocating force

Answer 22

degree of parallel forces generated on the lever (bone/joint) when the muscle’s angle of pull is greater than 90*

Question 23

Describe state of static equilibrium

Answer 23

all forces and moments acting on a body are in balance

Question 24

Define center of gravity (COG)

Answer 24

balance point of a body around which the resultant torque due to gravity forces vanish

Question 25

Define base of support (BOS)

Answer 25

part of body in contact with supporting surface

Question 26

Define line of gravity (LOG)

Answer 26

imaginary vertical line that passes through the COG to center of earth

Question 27

Define stable equilibrium

Answer 27

need to raise COG to disturb

Question 28

Define unstable equilibrium

Answer 28

only a slight force needed to disturb

Question 29

Define neutral equilibrium

Answer 29

COG is not raised or lowered to disturb

Question 30

What are some ways to increase stability?

Answer 30

lower COG, lower distance from COG to BOS, wider base of support, greater mass, increase friction

Question 31

Define flexion

Answer 31

a bending movement that decreases the angle between a segment and its proximal segment

Question 32

Define extension

Answer 32

a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts

Question 33

How can you reason through the degrees of freedom?

Answer 33

how many joints would you have to freeze to stop it from moving

Question 34

Degrees of freedom -> ball/socket or shoulder joint

Answer 34

3

Question 35

Degrees of freedom -> pivot joint or top vertebrae

Answer 35

1

Question 36

Degrees of freedom -> ellipsoid joint or radiocarpal

Answer 36

2

Question 37

Degrees of freedom -> saddle joint or base of finger

Answer 37

2

Question 38

Degrees of freedom -> condyloid joint or first knuckle

Answer 38

2