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unit 9 > biomed > Flashcards

biomed Flashcards

1
Q

where can you see substantia nigra in an image that looks like mickey mouse ears?

A

midbrain

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2
Q

what makes up the striate nucleus?

A

caudate and putamen

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3
Q

does basal ganglia project to the spinal cord?

A

no, only cortex and thalamus

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4
Q

what transmitter is associated with subthalamic nucleus?

A

glutamate

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5
Q

what neurotransmitter is associated with the pars reticulata (substantia nigra)

A

gaba

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6
Q

what neurotransmitter is associated with the globus palladus interna/substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area?

A

dopamine

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7
Q

where is the main output of the striatum as what is it comprised of?

A

globus pallidus interna/substantia nigra reticulata

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8
Q

Are projections from the basal ganglia: SNr/GPi to thalamus from inhibitory or facilitory?

A

inhibitory

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9
Q

what is the only part of the indirect and direct pathway that is facilitory?

A

the subthalamic nucleus

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10
Q

importance of the skeletomotor circuit?

A

motor planning, action selection, coordination of sequences, movement execution, scaling and/or focusing movement

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11
Q

what is the path of the skeletomotor system?

A
  1. cortex: motor, supplementary motor, premotor, and cingulate motor area
  2. striatum: putamen
  3. pallidum: substantia nigra/SNr/GPi
  4. thalamus
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12
Q

importance of the oculomotor system?

A

role in saccadic eye movements-what is rewarding to watch

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13
Q

importance of the executive system?

A

executive/associate function?

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14
Q

importance of limbic system?

A

emotion/motivation

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15
Q

what is the path of the oculomotor system?

A
  1. cortex: frontal and supplementary eye fields
  2. striatum: caudate nucleus
  3. Pallidum/substantia nigra: SNr/GPi (oculomotor territory)
  4. Thalamus
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16
Q

what is the path of the executive/associative system?

A
  1. cortex: dorsolateral prefrontal and lateral orbitofrontal cortices
  2. striatum: caudate nucleus
  3. palladium/substania nigra: snr/gpi (associate territory)
  4. thalamus
17
Q

what is the path of the limbic system?

A
  1. cortex: anterior cingulate and medial orbitofrontal cortices
  2. striatum: ventral striatum
  3. palladium/substantia nigra: snr/gpi (limbic territory)
  4. thalamus
18
Q

what does the skeletomotor circuit do to prepare a movement?

A

select an action

19
Q

how does the skeletomotor circuit initate a movement?

A

plan it

20
Q

what are three components of the execution of a movement?

A

scaling the amplitude of movement
scaling the velocity of movement
focusing by choosing the best pattern for the movement

21
Q

what is the neurotransmitter used by the skeletomotor system? what is its goal?

A

dopamine

movement choice associated with reward

22
Q

does glutamate facilitate or inhibit basal ganglia?

A

facilitate

23
Q

does gaba facilitate or inhibit basal ganglia?

A

inhibit

24
Q

does acetylcholine facilitate or inhibit basal ganglia?

A

facilitate

25
Q

in terms of basal ganglia, what neurotransmitter does the cerebral cortex release?

A

glutamate

26
Q

in terms of basal ganglia, what neurotransmitter does the striate release?

A

gaba

27
Q

in terms of basal ganglia, what neurotransmitter does the internal segment and pars reticulata release?

A

gaba

28
Q

in terms of basal ganglia, what neurotransmitter does the sub thalamic nucleus release?

A

glutamate

29
Q

in terms of basal ganglia, where are dopaminergic synapses found?

A

pallidum, substantia nigra, and sub thalamic nucleus

30
Q

which receptors for dopamine affect the direct pathway?

A

D1

31
Q

which receptors for dopamine affect indirect pathway?

A

D2

32
Q

what is the effect of dopamine in thalamocortical neurons?

A

facilitates movements

unit 9 (4 decks)

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