BiomoleculeFunctionalGroupsP12TextReverse Flashcards
(24 cards)
Hydrophobic properties
Methyl group?
Hydrophobic properties
Ethyl group
Hydrophobic and aromatic. Very stable.
Phenyl group?
Hydrogen bonding ability
Hydroxyl (alcohol)
Reactivity varying types (due to polar nature C=O)
Carbonyl (aldehyde)
Similar to aldehyde, less reactive
Carbonyl (ketone)
Hydrogen bonding and acidic properties
Carboxylate
Condensation product of two alcohols. Oxygen bridge- polar, H bond acceptors.
Ether
Extension of covalent structure using oxygen. Slightly polar, H bond acceptors
Ester
An ester where the carboxylic acid was acetate. H-bonding
Acetyl
Two carboxylic acids. Condensation product of two acids. Polar and reactive.
Anhydride
R-NH3+ , Polar and charged. Hydrogen bonding and basic properties
Amino (protonated)
R-CO-NH2 , Polar. Hydrogen bonding ability.
Amido
R1-CNH-R2 (CNH is C=N-H), Highly reactive group with a single C=N double bond on a carbon with 2 single bonds
Imine
chain on the nitrogen makes the Schiff base a stable imine. Semi stable biologically.
A Schiff base is a compound with a functional group that contains a carbon-nitrogen double bond with the nitrogen atom connected to an aryl or alkyl group, not hydrogen.
N-substituted imine (Schiff base)
Basic, positively charged (e.g. amino acid arginine). H-bond donor
guanidinium
Basic, positively charged (e.g. amino acid histidine). H-bond donor & acceptor
Imidazole
Redox reactive ability to form links through disulphide bonds. Weak H-bonding!
Sulfhydryl
R1-S-S-R2, →Extension of structure through disulphide bridge
Disulfide
Slightly polar. An ester where the “alcohol” was a sulfhydryl
Thioester
Acidic, negatively charged and H-bonder
Phosphoryl
Acidic. High energy bond (e.g. ATP, later in the subject), H-bonder
Phosphoanhydride
Negative charge. Bond energy not as high as phosphoanydride. H-bonder
Mixed anhydride (carboxylic acid and phosphoric acid; also called acyl phosphate)
Enol
