biomolecules

Question 1

what are the elements of life?

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 2

why do we eat?

Answer 2

we eat to take in more of the biochemicals our body needs. and foods for building new molecules

Question 3

water?

Answer 3

the most important inorganic substance, a polar molecule (negative + positive charges)

cohesion and polarity hold water droplets together

Question 4

what is cohesion?

Answer 4

the force of attraction holding molecules of the same substance together

Question 5

what is polarity?

Answer 5

the distribution of an electrical charge within a molecule (positive + negative)

Question 6

organic compounds

Answer 6

organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms

Question 7

inorganic compounds

Answer 7

everything that isn’t organic

Question 8

carbon

Answer 8

carbon is found in everything

has 4 valance electrons that can bond with other electrons to form strong covalent bonds

can form long chains

chains can form into rings

can form very long and complex bonds

Question 9

hydrophilic

Answer 9

loves water

Question 10

what are the 4 functional groups?

Answer 10

Hydroxyl group: Alcohols, Carbonyl group, Carboxyl group: Acids, Amino group

Question 11

micromolecules

Answer 11

formed through polymerization and are similar to monomers and join together to make polymers

Question 12

Monomers

Answer 12

Monomers is a polymer may be identical or can be different

Question 13

carbohydrates

Answer 13

are compounds make up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

they contain a butt load of energy

and are simple sugars called monosaccharides

Question 14

what is the ratio of carbs?

Answer 14

1:2:1

Question 15

glucose + fructose

Answer 15

sucrose

Question 16

glucose + galactose

Answer 16

lactose

Question 17

glucose + glucose

Answer 17

maltose

Question 18

dehydration synthesis

Answer 18

sugar molecules bonding together with the removal of water “putting things together by removing water”

Question 19

hydrolysis

Answer 19

breaking the bounds of a complex molecule into simpler molecules with the addition of water

Question 20

polysaccharides

Answer 20

glycogen - the form animals store excess glucose in (muscles and liver)

cellulose - structural (makes up plant walls)

chitin - structural (exoskeletons of crabs and lobsters)

Question 21

why do we need proteins?

Answer 21

they make up the structural component of all of our cells and make us 3D and who we are.

they are also the Bodys LAST source of energy

Question 21

what are proteins?

Answer 21

proteins are vital for building, maintaining and repairing your cells they always contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and SOMETIMES sulfur

Question 22

collagen proteins

Answer 22

vital for maintaining building and repairing your cells

Question 23

globular proteins

Answer 23

enzymes used for the movement and transportation of and in the body

Question 24

how many Amino acids?

Answer 24

there are 21 naturally occurring Amino acids there are 8-9 amino acids our body cant produce these are called essential amino acids isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine trypyophan, valine

Question 25

what are the 2 types of proteins?

Answer 25

incomplete (plant) proteins complete (animal) proteins a complete protein contains all 8-9 essential amino acids

Question 26

lipids

Answer 26

not water soluble soluble in organic substances serve as structural components for the cell membrane energy in the form of triglycerois

Question 27

phospholipids

Answer 27

have a hydrophobic tail, and a charged hydrophilic head

Question 28

hydrophobic

Answer 28

hates water

Question 29

what is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat?

Answer 29

if the fatty acid changes form with only single bonds it is a saturated fat if they form with any double bounds it is unsaturated

Question 30

saturated fat

Answer 30

no double bounds solid at room temp linked to heart disease

Question 31

monounsaturated fat

Answer 31

has one double bound liquid at room temp

Question 32

polyunsaturated fat

Answer 32

has more then one double bound liquid at room temp

Question 33

hydrogenation

Answer 33

this is when "kinks" are ironed out to make liquid fats solid at room temp. (margarine) the chemical name for adding hydrogen breaks double bonds and adds a hydrogen to the extra bound

Question 34

waxes

Answer 34

long chains of fatty acids linked to alcohol insulation for plants prevents water loss insoluble so good water repellent

Question 35

enzymes

Answer 35

a small amount of enzymes can cause the reaction of large amounts of substrates acts as catalysts, they are necessary for most chemical reactions in cells

Question 36

catalyst

Answer 36

something that speeds up a rate of a chemical reaction

Question 37

denaturation

Answer 37

a TEMPORARY change in the shape of a molecule

Question 38

coagulation

Answer 38

a PERMANENT shape change of the molecule

Question 39

nucleoside

Answer 39

nitrogen base + 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose)

Question 40

nucleotide

Answer 40

nitrogen base + deoxyribose sugar + phosphate group

Question 41

A

Answer 41

adenine

Question 42

G

Answer 42

guanine

Question 43

C

Answer 43

cytisine

Question 44

T

Answer 44

thymine

Question 45

purine bases

Answer 45

adenine & guanine

Question 46

pyrimidine bases

Answer 46

cytisine & thymine

Question 47

pairs

Answer 47

A forms 2 hydrogen bonds with T G forms 3 hydrogen bonds with C equal amounts G to C equal amounts A to T

Question 48

macronutrients

Answer 48

the things you need in large quantities fats carbs protiens (amino acids)

Question 49

micronutrients

Answer 49

require small amounts vitamins minerals

Question 50

what are the 9 essential amino acids?

Answer 50

isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine