health and ethics

Question 1

what is Trepanation?

Answer 1

drilling holes in the head to release pressure

Question 2

define healthcare

Answer 2

the maintaining and restoration of health by the treatment and prevention of diseases by licensed professionals

Question 3

define medicine

Answer 3

the science or practice of diagnosis, treatments, and prevention of disease in technical use (excluding surgery)

Question 4

who are some people who contributed to the history of health care?

Answer 4

Benjamin Franklin created bifocals and found out colds are contagious , Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Invented the microscope lens that allowed visualization of organisms, louis pastuer invent rabies vaccine,

Question 5

describe holistic care

Answer 5

care that promotes physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual well-being

Question 6

Ancient Chinese medicine

Answer 6

• they believed that they got sick from an imbalance of Qi (yin/yang)
• to keep the whole body healthy
• the skin is the first defence against pathogens so keep skin healthy and happy

-sore throat? Eat radishes

-herbal tea by boiling ginger and raw honey

-after being in rain drink hot ginger tea to sweat out the toxins and prevent colds

-used exercises like tai chi, and other things like acupuncture, cupping, and massage to keep the balance of qi

Question 7

Ancient Mesopotamia medicine

Answer 7

• being sick is Punishment from god
• 2 doctors: assu- herbal med. and asipu- supernatural factors

Relive pain and cramps use willow leaves

-just don’t commit sins

-both docs use herbal but asipu gets rid of evil

• used all over the world and hard to trace back to Mesopotamia

Question 8

Pros and cons of Canadian healthcare

Answer 8

Pros:
-paid through taxes
-universal access
-equitable care
-no out of pocket costs

Cons:
-long wait times
-burnt out workers
-shortage of doctors (family doctors)

Question 9

American healthcare pros and cons

Answer 9

Pros:
-no wait time
- healthcare is a money making business not loosing
- enough doctors

Cons:
-expensive
-overcrowded ERs
-might not have insurance and have to pay out of pocket

Question 10

Modern healthcare services

Answer 10

Primary: doctors, nurse practitioners, and local clinics, quick diagnosis without extended stay

-hospitals: usually second in line of care. Emergency care with extended stay

-community clinics: local clinics, little diagnosis, used for vaccinations and children’s checkups

-specialized services: specialized units or care such as cardiologists

-pharamaceutical care: makes and provides medications for the patient. They can provide vaccinations.

Question 11

What does CRISPR stand for?

Answer 11

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

Question 12

Ancient Persian

Answer 12

believed illness was caused by imbalances in the body.
treatment for headaches- opium,cannabis and willow tree oil were applied to patients newly shaved head after being washed with salt water for better penetration. Prevention- a list of signs and symptoms were put out to help prevent headaches

Question 13

Ancient Egypt

Answer 13

believed illness was caused by a persons relationship with the universe and everything around them. Treatment for breast cancer to apply lint honey and grease to it every day. prevention was to eat food like honey and onions and then get proper rest

Question 14

What is 3D Printing

Answer 14

computer created digital models that makes 3D objects like prosthetics, ear, arm, nose

Question 15

Pros of 3D printing

Answer 15

-models for medical education
- safe
-personal protective equipment
-personalized

Question 16

Cons of 3D printing

Answer 16

-costly
-few trained for it
-how to test new developments
-long time to print

Question 17

3D printing controversy’s

Answer 17

-donor consent
-lack of regulations
-oversight and risk classification concerns

Question 18

How to improve our healthcare

Answer 18

-having a data board for hand washing
-virtual care strategies
-pharmacists doing simple treatments and diagnosis’s

Question 19

What is CRISPR

Answer 19

a tool for cutting DNA

Question 20

What are stem cells

Answer 20

cells that can become another cell

Question 21

what is crispr used for?

Answer 21

-treating diseases ex. sickle cell anemia or cancer
-contributed to CAR-T therapy which is used to treat cancer

Question 22

What does CRISPR do

Answer 22

-can detect disease
-can change DNA
-produces more of the desired gene
-transports enzymes
-cut and copies DNA
-knocks out specific genes
-has 2 components- cas 9 and RNA guide

Question 23

Pros of CRISPER

Answer 23

-individualized
-very accurate method to modify genes

Question 24

Cons of CRISPR

Answer 24

-ethical concerns about alternating embryos to design babies
-can have unpredictable outcomes
-unknown long term consequences

Question 25

What is traditional medicine

Answer 25

methods of treatment passed on from cultures and generations

Question 26

What is complementary healthcare

Answer 26

methods and beliefs other than traditional western medicine used to complement other treatments

Question 27

What is bloodletting?

Answer 27

bleeding out to get rid of certain diseases

Question 28

What is Alternative healthcare

Answer 28

using other/ uncommon methods to treat a diagnosis

Question 29

What are 2 characteristics of stem cells

Answer 29

-capable of self renewal -capable of differentiation/pluripotent

Question 30

What are different uses for stem cells

Answer 30

-approved for use in stem cell transplants to treat specific cancers -used to treat variety of conditions like heart disease, brain disorders, kidney issues

Question 31

What are the different types of stem cells

Answer 31

-adult stem cells which can become skin, muscle,liver, or blood cells -embryonic stem cells which are pluripotent and can become any cell in the body and can be used to generate or repairs tissue and organs

Question 32

How is 3D printing changing healthcare

Answer 32

-costume prosthetics and implants -is slowly helping to replace the need for organ donors which is saving people life -helps to train surgeons instead of having to practice on humans

Question 33

What is healthcare tourism

Answer 33

travelling around the world to get medical treatments

Question 34

Why is there controversy behind using embryonic stem cells

Answer 34

some people consider it as the destruction of human life as it destroys the embryo and there could be moral and religious concerns

Question 35

What is unconsciousness

Answer 35

when a person cannot respond to stimuli and has lost awareness of their surroundings

Question 36

Types of unconsciousness

Answer 36

fainting, medically induced coma,

Question 37

How do clinicians determine death

Answer 37

no pulse and no breathing and no response to external stimuli and no brain activity

Question 38

Legal and ethical considerations for organ donating

Answer 38

-there’s laws in some countries meaning you will have to opt in to be an organ donor unlike other countries where you would have to say you will no donate your organs -must be irreversible death, must meet criteria for death, cannot be sold, need to have consent,

Question 39

Define biomedical

Answer 39

Methods of treatment based on the used of drugs and surgery to treat symptoms.

Question 40

Ancient Inca

Answer 40

Ancient Inca’s: Used herbs and religion in health and sickness. Treat pain with chewed cocoa leave. Prevent illness with cerimonies.