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Science Grade 10 > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

originated from plant cells

can’t be digested

A

fibers

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2
Q

when you eat food that contains this, your body system will be cleansed and it’s very easy to poop

A

fibers

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3
Q

T or F: Plant oils are believed to be better for our health than animal fats.

A

T

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4
Q

when olive oil or any kind of oil solidifies, it is ——–

A

unhealthy

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5
Q

simpler terms: go, grow and glow

A

biomolecules

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6
Q

“Good cholesterol”

A

HDL: high-density lipoproteins

- stable and carries “bad cholesterol” away from the arteries

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7
Q

“Bad cholesterol”

A

LDL: low-density lipoproteins

- sticks to artery walls and contributes to plaque build-up

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8
Q

waxy fat carried through the bloodstream by lipoproteins

•type of lipid WITHOUT FATTY ACIDS

A

cholesterol

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9
Q

aka macromolecules because of their large size

A

organic molecules

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10
Q

resulting molecule of organic molecules (many parts)

A

polymer

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11
Q

repeating units of organic molecules

A

monomers

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12
Q

Complete the information:

Category: Lipids
Example: ?
Subunit(s): ?

A

Fats

Triglyceride (glycerol + fatty acids)

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13
Q

Complete the information:

Category: ?
Example: Polysaccharide
Subunit(s): ?

A

Carbohydrates

Monasaccharide

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14
Q

Complete the information:

Category: ?
Example: ?
Subunit(s): Amino acid

A

Protein

Polypeptide

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15
Q

Complete the information:

Category: ?
Example: DNA, RNA
Subunit(s): ?

A

Nucleic acids

Nucleotide

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16
Q

1st Class of Organic Molecules

A

Carbohydrates

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17
Q

“simple sugar” ; single sugar molecule

A

monasaccharide

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18
Q

contain 2 monosaccharides JOINED by glycosidic bonds

A

disaccharides

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19
Q

polymers of monosaccharides; 3 or more monosaccharides

A

polysaccharides

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20
Q

quite soluble and sweet to taste

C6H12O6

A

monosaccharides

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21
Q

hexoses

A

6 carbon atoms

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22
Q

examples of hexoses

A

glucose, fructose and galactose

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23
Q

hexoses are also called ——-

A

isomers

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24
Q

Why are hexoses called isomers?

A

They have the same molecular formula

C6H12O6

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25
pentoses
5 carbon atoms
26
examples of pentoses
ribose and deoxyribose (in nucleotides)
27
C5H10O5 | C5H10O4
pentoses
28
``` most common monosaccharide aka dextrose (blood sugar) instant source of energy ```
glucose
29
sweetest sugar | found in fruits (ripe mango, melon, banana)
fructose
30
monosaccharide sugar in milk also found in dairy products
galactose
31
contain 2 monosaccharides JOINED by dehydration reaction/synthesis C12H22O11
disaccharides
32
common table sugar glucose + fructose brown, white sugar
sucrose
33
milk sugar | glucose + galactose
lactose
34
``` malt sugar (used in beer) glucose + glucose ```
maltose
35
type of chemical reaction, which produces water molecule(s) after combining 2 or more subunits
dehydration synthesis
36
type of chemical reaction, in which water molecule(s) is/are used to break down a compound
hydrolysis
37
long chains of monosaccharides
polysaccharides
38
used for short-term energy storage repeating units of glucose potato, carrots, corn STORED IN PLANTS
starch
39
used as reserve energy stored in liver and muscles of animals STORED IN HUMANS
glycogen
40
insoluble CHO | found in tough outer wall of plants (for support and protection)
cellulose
41
found in exoskeleton of animals (for support and protection) | MORE rigid and inflexible than cellulose
chitin
42
2nd Class of Organic Molecules
Lipids
43
aka Fats organic compounds that do NOT dissolve in water composed of C, H and O atoms subunits are CONNECTED by ester linkage
Lipids
44
T or F: O atoms are fewer in carbohydrates compared to lipids.
F - fewer in lipids
45
``` Complete the information LIPIDS Type: ? Organismal Uses: Long-term energy storage and thermal insulation in animals Human Uses: ? ```
Fats | Butter, lard
46
``` Complete the information LIPIDS Type: Oils Organismal Uses: ? Human Uses: ? ```
Long-term energy storage in plants and their seeds | Cooking oils
47
``` Complete the information LIPIDS Type: ? Organismal Uses: ? Human Uses: No-stick pan spray ```
Phospholipids | Component of plasma membrane
48
``` Complete the information LIPIDS Type: ? Organismal Uses: Component of plasma membrane; hormones; cholesterol Human Uses: ? ```
Steroids | Medicines
49
``` Complete the information LIPIDS Type: Waxes Organismal Uses: ? Human Uses: ? ```
Wear resistance; retain water; protect surfaces of leaves | Candles, polishes
50
found in cold-blooded animals (cannot be found in humans) | thick layer of fat
blubber
51
aka fat molecules 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol simplest form of a lipid long-term energy storage
triglycerides (fats/oils)
52
T or F: Unsaturated fat is safer than Saturated fat.
T
53
long hydrocarbon chain without double bonds between carbons | S in room temperature
Saturated Fat
54
long hydrocarbon chain with one or more double bonds between carbons L in room temperature have lipids with HDL
Unsaturated Fat
55
T or F: | 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids -> 1 triglyceride + 3 H20
T
56
two fatty acids attached instead of three | 3rd fatty acid replaced by phosphate group
phospholipids
57
Phosphate group (semipermeable): Fatty acids are ? Phosphate group ?
hydrophobic (fail to mix with water) | hydrophilic (having a tendency to mix with water)
58
Phospholipids in water: Phosphate "heads": ------ water Fatty acid "tails": ---- ---- water
toward | away from
59
cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen | skeletons of 4 fused carbon rings
steroids
60
``` Long-chain of fatty acid bonded to a long-chain alcohol waterproof resistant to degradation used as lubricants, polishers, ointment *usually seen in leaves and fruits ```
waxes
61
passing of water to a semipermeable membrane (selective membrane)
Osmosis
62
3rd Class of Organic Molecules
Proteins
63
aka grow food | organic compounds composed of C, H, O, N and sometimes S atoms (P and Fe may also be present)
proteins
64
``` fundamental building block of proteins • there are 24 currently known compounds that contain an: - amino group (-NH2) •contains BASIC nitrogen element - a carboxyl group •ACIDIC and contains C and O - a side chain (R-group) •variant ```
Amino acids
65
linkage between amino acids
peptide bond
66
Complete the information Examples of Proteins according to Function Movement- Structure- Storage- Transport-
actin and myosin (muscles) collagen (skin), keratin (hair and nail) casein (milk), albumin (egg) hemoglobin (blood)
67
Complete the information Examples of Proteins according to Function Regulation- Defense- Biochemical Control-
insulin antibodies enzymes (peptidase, lactase)
68
4th Class of Organic Molecules
Nucleic Acids
69
two forms: DNA and RNA
Nucleic Acids
70
building block of nucleic acids
Nucleotide
71
phosphate + pentose sugar + nitrogenous base
Nucleic Acids
72
DNA Nucleotide Bases
Purines: A (Adenine) G (Guanine) Pyrimidines: T (Thymine) C (Cytosine)
73
RNA Nucleotide Bases
Purines: A (Adenine) G (Guanine) Pyrimidines: U (Uracil) C (Cytosine)
74
Complete the information Comparison of DNA & RNA Full name: Basic Structure: Nucleotide Sugar:
Deoxyribonucleic acid; Ribonucleic acid double-stranded "DOUBLE HELIX"; single-stranded (of nucleotides) Deoxyribose; Ribose
75
Complete the information Comparison of DNA & RNA Location in a Cell: Function:
nucleus (the chromosomes); nucleus, in the cytoplasm, & at the ribosomes hereditary material of a cell, directs & controls cell activities; involved in protein synthesis
76
Types of RNA
mRNA (Messenger RNA) tRNA (Transport RNA) rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
77
carries GENETIC INFO from the DNA
mRNA (Messenger RNA)
78
carries AMINO ACIDS to ribosomes during protein synthesis
tRNA (Transport RNA)
79
PART of the ribosome subunits
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
80
Complete the information Types of Amino Acid Essential: Non-essential:
amino acids that CANNOT be synthesized by the body | amino acids that CAN be synthesized by the body
81
sources of unsaturated triglyceride
plants
82
Positive Test for Simple Sugar
formation of a brick-red color with Fehling's solutions (with heat subjection)
83
Positive Test for Starch
formation of a bluish-black color with Iodine | with heat subjection
84
Positive Test for Fats and Oils
brown paper tests (becomes translucent)
85
Positive Test for Proteins
formation of a yellowish color with Nitric acid (without heat subjection)

Science Grade 10 (6 decks)

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