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Science Grade 10 > Coordinated Functions > Flashcards

Coordinated Functions Flashcards

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1
Q

functions of the reproductive system

A
  1. production and transport of gametes
  2. production of sex hormones
  3. organ system responsible for the perpetuation of a species or production of a new organism
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2
Q

produces egg cells (ova) and sex hormones

A

ovary

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3
Q

conducts the egg cell (ovum) toward the uterus

A

fallopian tube (oviduct)

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4
Q

houses the developing fetus

A

uterus

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5
Q

opening of the uterus

A

cervix

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6
Q

tube that links the ovary to the uterus

A

fallopian tube (oviduct)

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7
Q

the specific site where fertilization of the human egg takes place

A

fallopian tube (oviduct)

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8
Q

receives the penis during copulation and serves as the birth canal

A

vagina

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9
Q

system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction

A

reproductive system

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10
Q

basic units of female reproductive biology, each of which is composed of roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary

A

ovarian follicles

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11
Q

lining of the uterus

A

endometrium

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12
Q

stage of growth and maturation that produces a mature egg cell
(follicle grows to full maturity)

A

follicle stage

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13
Q

ripe follicle releases an ovum

A

ovulation

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14
Q

secretes progesterone (and estrogen) which thickens the uterine lining in preparation for the implantation of the embryo

A

luteal stage

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15
Q

lining of the uterus is sloughed off and flows out of the body

A

menstrual flow stage

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16
Q

menstrual cycle SIMPLE timeline

A

Follicle Stage
Ovulation
Luteal Stage
Menstrual Flow Stage

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17
Q

Release of FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (Lutenizing hormone) -> — matures

A

egg

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18
Q

Follicle secretes estrogen -> uterine lining ——–; – increases

A

thickens; LH

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19
Q

Presence of LH (Lutenizing hormone) -> follicle ruptures and releases mature egg

A

ovulation

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20
Q

increase in LH -> ——– enlarges and fills with blood vessels (become —— —— or “yellow body”)

A

follicle; corpus luteum

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21
Q

———— -> further thickening of uterine wall

A

progesterone

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22
Q

If fertilization does not occur (an egg is not fertilized), what disintegrates and degenerates?

A

corpus luteum (“yellow body”)

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23
Q

If fertilization does not occur (an egg is not fertilized), what collapses?

A

uterine lining

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24
Q

discharge of dead tissue and unfertilized egg

A

menstruation

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25
the follicle becomes this structure once the egg cell is released from the ovary
corpus luteum ("yellow body")
26
Low FSH and LH levels -> low ------------- and -------- levels
progesterone; estrogen
27
what controls hormonal secretion?
(+) positive feedback | (-) negative feedback
28
a mechanism that STIMULATES further secretion of hormones
(+) positive feedback
29
arising concentration of a secreted hormone STIMULATES further secretion
(+) positive feedback
30
arise in the concentration of a secreted hormone INHIBITS (prevents) further secretion
(-) negative feedback
31
hormone that triggers the release of FSH and LH by another structure
pituitary hormone
32
structure that PRODUCES the pituitary gland that triggers the release of FSH and LH by another structure
hypothalamus
33
why is menstruation important?
to know if the mother is fertile or infertile (by her menstrual cycle)
34
organs that produce the male and female gametes
gonads
35
GnRH
Gonadotropic- Releasing hormone
36
Pituitary hormone effects
LH and FSH stimulates spermatogenesis and testosterone secretion by the testes
37
Testes hormone effects
Testosterone and inhibin inhibit the secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus and LH & FSH by the pituitary
38
produces sperm cells and sex hormones
testis
39
counterpart of the ovary in the male reproductive system
testis
40
site of sperm (temporary) storage and sperm cell maturation
epididymis
41
conducts sperm from the testis to the urethra
vas deferens
42
sperm cells travel through this structure and are mixed with secretions
urethra
43
secretes MILKY fluid for acid neutralization of the pathway for sperm and urine
prostate gland
44
secretes THICK fluid containing nutrients for sperm use
seminal vesicle
45
the testis is housed by the -------
scrotum
46
directly beside the testis
epididymis
47
secretes VISCOUS fluid for lubrication; holds basic semen (protective fluid)
cowper's gland
48
conducts semen and urine
urethra
49
copulatory organ in the male reproductive system
penis
50
undescended testes -> ----------- of the male person
infertility
51
sperm cells die at how many degrees?
37
52
system of organs linked to the nervous system which controls secretion of hormones and other chemicals by various glands
endocrine system
53
for BOTH male and female, there are ----- major endocrine glands
8
54
8 major endocrine glands
``` pituitary gland (hormone) thyroid gland adrenal gland testis pineal gland thymus pancreas ovary ```
55
T or F: The testis and the ovary are part of the endocrine system and reproductive system
T
56
T or F: The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes FSH, LH, and prolactin
F | anterior lobe
57
T or F: The epididymis protects the testis and maintains a lower temperature than the rest of the body
F | scrotum
58
Complete the information Pituitary lobe: ? Secretions: OCT Main Targets: 1. ? - induces milk movement into secretory ducts 2. ? - induces uterine contractions during child birth
Posterior Mammary glands Uterus
59
this hormone targets the mammary glands and induces milk movement to the secretory ducts
OCT (Oxytocin)
60
``` Complete the information Pituitary lobe: Anterior Secretions: ? Main Targets: 1. mammary glands - stimulates and sustains milk production ```
PRL (prolactin)
61
``` Complete the information Pituitary lobe: ? Secretions: Lutenizing hormone (LH) Main Targets: 1. ? - In F, stimulates progesterone secretion, ovulation, corpus luteum formation 2. testes - In M, stimulates testosterone secretion, sperm release ```
Anterior | ovaries
62
``` Complete the information Pituitary lobe: Anterior Secretions: ? Main Targets: 1. ovaries - In F, stimulates estrogen secretion, egg maturation 2. ? - In M, stimulates sperm formation ```
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | testes
63
stores and secretes hormones that were SYNTHESIZED in the hypothalamus
posterior lobe of pituitary
64
produces and secretes its OWN hormones
anterior lobe of pituitary
65
Gonadotropin
recreating hormone
66
T or F: Both sex have estrogen and testosterone at different "levels"
T
67
(from gamein "to marry") a cell that fuses with another cell during fertilization in organisms that sexually reproduce
gametes
68
gametes = ?
sex cells
69
sex cells have how many chromosomes?
23
70
how many chromosomes do humans have?
46
71
how come humans have 46 chromosomes?
In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. 22 of these pairs, (called autosomes), look the SAME in both males and females. The 23rd pair, (called the sex chromosomes), DIFFER between males and females.
72
Humans have a total of -- chromosomes in EACH body cell; 44 of these are ---------. You get 1 set of -- autosomes from your mom and another set from your dad.
46 autosomes 22
73
a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds (M or F)
sex chromosome
74
GnRH stimulates (causes) the pituitary gland to produce the HORMONE responsible for starting follicle (egg) development which is?
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
75
The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) causes the primary female sex hormone to rise which is?
estrogen
76
primary male sex hormone
testosterone
77
This hormone aids in egg maturation and provides the hormonal trigger to cause ovulation and the release of eggs from the ovary
Lutenizing hormone (LH), the other reproductive pituitary hormone
78
fertilized egg
embryo
79
What gland produces testosterone?
(this important hormone is produced mainly in the testes in males) adrenal glands

Science Grade 10 (6 decks)

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