BioMolecules & Metabolism

Question 1

DNA Structure

Answer 1

Constructed of nucleotides in antiparallel complementary strands which form a double helix

Question 2

Protein Structure

Answer 2

One or more polypeptides

Polypeptides are amino acids bound by peptide bonds

Question 3

Amino Acid Structure

Answer 3

Amino Group

Carboxyl Group

Side Chain (variable)

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

Biochemical reactions within a living organism to sustain life.

Question 5

Metabolic Reactions (2 types + definition)

Answer 5

Anabolic - Synthesis of smaller molecules and energy to produce larger molecules (e.g. bone mineralization)

Catabolic - Breaking down of larger molecules to produce smaller molecules and energy (e.g. digestion)

Question 6

Respiration

Answer 6

Catabolic reaction which releases energy for cells to function.

Question 7

Photosynthesis

Answer 7

Anabolic reaction which converts light energy into glucose and oxygen.

Question 8

Organic Molecules

Answer 8

Methane

Ethene

Glucose

Lactic Acid

Question 9

Inorganic Molecules

Answer 9

Carbon Dioxide

Nitrogen

Water

Oxygen

Question 10

Four Main Organic Molecules

Answer 10

Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

Nucleic Acid

Question 11

Carbohydrate Function

Answer 11

Chemical energy source.

Question 12

Lipid Function

Answer 12

Energy storage.

Question 13

Protein Function

Answer 13

Plethora of functions (e.g. haemoglobin carries oxygen in the blood).

Question 14

Nucleic Acid Function

Answer 14

Cell division, manufacturing of proteins (RNA), and assembly of amino acids (DNA).

Question 15

Substrate

Answer 15

Chemical which an enzyme acts upon.

Question 16

Active Site

Answer 16

Section of an enzyme which the substrate attaches onto. Active sites are unique in size and shape, meaning they are substrate-specific.

Question 17

Effect of Concentration

Answer 17

Reaction rate of enzymes increases as concentration increases. A saturation point is hit when either all substrates or active sites are occupied.

Question 18

Effect of Temperature and pH

Answer 18

Enzymes are temperature and pH specific. They have an optimum range. Exposure to extreme temperature or pH leads to denaturation.

Question 19

Denaturation

Answer 19

When the active site changes shape so substrates can no longer attach. Caused by extreme temperatures and pH levels.

Question 20

Aerobic Respiration Equation

Answer 20

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP (36-38)

Question 21

Anaerobic Respiration Equation (animals & plants)

Answer 21

Glucose → Lactic Acid + Energy (2 ATP)

Glucose → Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol + Energy (2 ATP)

Question 22

Photosynthesis Equation

Answer 22

Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂