Biomolecules overview

Question 1

What are biomolecules?

Answer 1

A molecule that is involved in the maintenance and metabolic processes of living organisms.

Question 2

What are the functions of Lipids?

Answer 2

• Structural components of biological membranes
• Provide energy reserves in the form of triglycerides
• Serve as vitamins and hormones
• Lipid solubilisation

Question 3

What is a saturated Lipid?

Answer 3

There are no double bonds present

Question 4

What is an unsaturated Lipid?

Answer 4

There is at least 1 double bond present which causes a kink in the structure

Question 5

Describe the structure of a Lipid

Answer 5

A lipid is comprised of a Carboxyl group and a Hydrocarbon chain

Question 6

How can lipids be classified?

Answer 6

• Fatty acids
• Cholesterol
• Lipoproteins

Question 7

What does the R stand for in the structure of an amino acid?

Answer 7

R = side chain

Question 8

What is a side chain?

Answer 8

A side chain is a section of an Amino acids structure. This differs in each amino acid.

Question 9

How can side chains be classified?

Answer 9

• Hydrophobic
• Hydrophilic
• In-between

Question 10

What is the role of Peptide bonds in amino acids?

Answer 10

Peptide bonds form between the N=H of one amino acid and the C=O of another.

Question 11

What do amino acids form?

Answer 11

• Proteins.

Question 12

What is the chemical formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 12

(CH2O)n

Question 13

Describe the structure of an Aldehyde.

Answer 13

An aldehyde has the top carbon atom single bonded to a Hydrogen and double bonded to an Oxygen (H-C=O)

Question 14

Describe the structure of a Ketone.

Answer 14

A Ketone has a double bonded carbon to oxygen on the second carbon down.

Question 15

What does ABBA stand for?

Answer 15

Alpha below

Beta above

Question 16

What is a chiral atom?

Answer 16

An atom that remains in the same position despite the orientation of the compound changing.

Question 17

What is an Anomeric carbon?

Answer 17

An atom around which rotation occurs.

Question 18

What is the structure of Fructose?

Answer 18

• A 5 membered ring structure.

Question 19

What is starch?

Answer 19

• stored carbohydrates in plant cells

Question 20

What is the structure of Pyranose?

Answer 20

• A 6 membered ring structure.

Question 21

Give an example of an Pyranose.

Answer 21

Glucose

Question 22

What is Glycogen?

Answer 22

• A major form of stored carbohydrate.

- A homopolymer

Question 23

What do carbohydrates become when they spontaneously react with alcohol?

Answer 23

Either

• Hemiacetal
• Hemiketal

Question 24

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 24

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 25

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 25

Ribonucleic Acid

Question 26

Name the 2 different types of nucleic base.

Answer 26

- Pyrimidine | - Purine

Question 27

What is the structure of a Purine?

Answer 27

- A 2 ring structure

Question 28

What is the structure of a Pyrimidine?

Answer 28

- A singular ring structure

Question 29

Which of the bases are Purines

Answer 29

- Adenine | - Guanine

Question 30

Which of the bases are Pyrimidines?

Answer 30

- Thymine - Cytosine - Uracil

Question 31

What does a Nucleoside comprise of?

Answer 31

- Nitrogenous Base | - Pentose Sugar

Question 32

What does a Nucleotide comprise of?

Answer 32

- Nitrogenous Base - Pentose Sugar - Phosphate Group

Question 33

What are the functions of Nucleic acids?

Answer 33

- Energy stores for use in phosphate transfer reactions - Important in co-enzymes - Mediators in cellular processes - Activated intermediates in biosynthetic reactions.