Biomolecules - Vocab

Question 0

Pentose

Answer 0

A 5- carbon sugar

Question 1

Monosaccharide

Answer 1

If the number of carbon atoms in a molecule is low (from 3 to 7)

Question 2

Hexose

Answer 2

A 6-carbon sugar

Question 3

Glucose

Answer 3

A main example of a simple carbohydrate or a hexose

Question 4

Dehydration reaction

Answer 4

Water is removed during a reaction

Question 5

Degradation

Answer 5

Addition of water in a reaction

Question 6

Disaccharide

Answer 6

Contains 2 monosaccharides that have joined during a dehydration reaction

Question 7

Polysaccharides

Answer 7

Polymer made from sugar monomers

Question 8

Polymer

Answer 8

Macromolecule consisting of covalently bonded monomers

Question 9

Monomer

Answer 9

A simple organic molecule that exists individually or link to other monomers to form polymers

Question 10

Starch

Answer 10

Ready storage of glucose, polymers in starch are up to 4000 glucose units, less chains that branch off, becomes glycogen stored in liver

Question 11

Glycogen

Answer 11

Ready storage if glucose in liver

Question 12

Cellulose

Answer 12

A polysaccharide, in cell walls, alternating up/down oxygen molecules in linkage therefore we can’t digest it (fiber)

Question 13

Hydrophobic

Answer 13

Does not dissolve in water because it’s nonpolar

Question 14

Hydrophilic

Answer 14

Type of molecule that interacts with water by dissolving in water and or by forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules

Question 15

Fats

Answer 15

Usually of animal origin and solid at room temperature. Long term energy storage, insulates against heat loss, protective cushion around major organs

Question 16

Oils

Answer 16

Plant origin, liquid at room temp.

Question 17

Triglyceride

Answer 17

A fat molecule is sometimes called this because of it’s 3 part structure

Question 18

Neutral fat

Answer 18

This term is sometimes used because the molecule is nonpolar

Question 19

Emulsification

Answer 19

Breaking up of fat globules into smaller droplets by the action of bile salts or any other emulsifier

Question 20

Give an example if emulsification

Answer 20

Dirty clothes are washed with detergent, prior to digestion fats are emulsified by bile in intestines

Question 21

Fatty acid

Answer 21

A hydrocarbon chain that ends with the acidic group COOH

Question 22

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 22

No double covalent bonds between carbon atoms

Question 23

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 23

Double bonds between carbon atoms whenever the number of hydrogens is less than 2 per carbon atom

Question 24

Steroids

Answer 24

Lipid molecule that has a complex of 4 carbon rings

Question 25

Carbohydrates are made from

Answer 25

Simple sugars

Question 26

Carbohydrates contain

Answer 26

C H O

Question 27

Biological subgroups of carbohydrate

Answer 27

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, starches, cellulose

Question 28

Carbohydrates function as

Answer 28

Sources of energy and inert structural support

Question 29

Lipids are made from

Answer 29

Fatty acids (mainly)

Question 30

Lipids contain

Answer 30

C, H

Question 31

Biological subgroups of lipids

Answer 31

Fats and oils, phospholipids, steroids

Question 32

Lipids function as

Answer 32

Long term energy storage and membrane components

Question 33

Proteins are made from

Answer 33

Amino acids

Question 34

Proteins contain

Answer 34

C,H, N, O, S

Question 35

Biological subgroups of proteins

Answer 35

Functional proteins, structural proteins

Question 36

Protein molecules function as

Answer 36

Control molecules, flexible structures

Question 37

Nucleic acids are made from

Answer 37

Nucleotides

Question 38

Nucleic acids contain

Answer 38

C, H, O, N, P

Question 39

Biological subgroups of nucleic acids?

Answer 39

DNA RNA

Question 40

Nucleic acids function as

Answer 40

Information carriers and control molecules