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AP Psych masterlist > Biopsych > Flashcards

Biopsych Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

frontal lobe

A

location: behind forehead, front
functions: movement, critical thinking/planning (speaking, judging, emotions)

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2
Q

parietal lobe

A

location: top rear
functions: physical feeling (body position, touch)

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3
Q

occipital lobe

A

location: back of head
function: sight

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4
Q

temporal lobe

A

location: above the ears
functions: understanding speech, hearing

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5
Q

motor cortex

A

location: back of frontal lobe, spans L to R
function: movement

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6
Q

sensory cortex

A

location: front of parietal lobe, behind motor cortex
function: feeling (physical)

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7
Q

visual cortex

A

location: occipital lobes
function: sight

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8
Q

auditory cortex

A

location: temporal lobes
function: hearing

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9
Q

association areas

A

location: cerebral cortex
functions: connect/integrate info (identify sounds/recognize voices or songs)

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10
Q

nervous system

A

controls interaction between brain, spine, and neurons to transmit info

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11
Q

central nervous system

A

a part of the nervous system that only includes brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

outer nerves of the nervous system that contains sensory receptors

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13
Q

somatic (skeletal) nervous system

A

a part of the peripheral nervous system that allows for muscle control

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14
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

automatic; internal organs; self-regulated

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15
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arousing (fight or flight)

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16
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

calming (rest and digest)

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17
Q

brainstem

A

location: top of spinal cord
function: life processes

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18
Q

medulla

A

location: side of brain stem where it swells and attaches to the brain
functions: heart rate and breathing

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19
Q

pons

A

location: a small part of the brain stem at the bottom
functions: movement (intrinsic), (sleep)

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20
Q

reticular formation

A

location: long skinny neural fibers that run up and down the brain stem
functions: arousal (alive, alert, enthusiastic), consciousness (awake, asleep, coma)

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21
Q

thalamus

A

location: top of spinal cord, all info moves through it to other parts
function: directs sensory info, (senses besides smell)

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22
Q

cerebellum

A

location: back/bottom next to brainstem
functions: balance, coordination, (movement)

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23
Q

limbic system

A

location: middle of brain
functions: emotions, basic motives (food/sex)

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24
Q

amygdala

A

location: next to hippocampus
functions: anger, fear, (identifying emotions on someone’s face)

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25
hypothalamus
location: middle of brain, below pituitary gland functions: controls pituitary, indirectly controls all hormones, (hunger, body temp, sexual behavior, fight or flight, growth), reward system
26
cerebral cortex
location: all over brain like bone functions: higher level function, (perceiving, thinking, speaking)
27
corpus collosum
location: middle of brain, bundle of fibers function: connects the two hemispheres of brain
28
glial cells
location: throughout nervous system function: support, nourish, protect
29
hippocampus
location: middle of brain near temporal lobe function: memories (creation and retrieval)
30
parts of the brainstem
medulla, pons, reticular formation, thalamus
31
parts of the limbic system
amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus
32
neuron
building block for nervous system, carries messages consists of a soma, dendrites, and an axon
33
sensory neuron
carries messages from tissues and organs to the brain and spinal cord
34
motor neuron
carries info from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands
35
interneuron
communicates info inside brain/spinal cord between sensory+motor neurons
36
dendrite
extensions on the neuron that receive messages (bushy-like branches)
37
axon
end of neuron that sends messages to other neurons (has terminal branches on the end of the neuron)
38
soma (cell body)
neuron's control center, contains nucleus
39
myelin sheath
layer of fatty tissue encasing neuron fibers that speeds up transmission for the axon
40
action potential
a neural impulse, an electrical shock that travels down an axon
41
threshold
the level of stimuli required to activate a nerve impulse
42
synapse
junction between one axon and one dendrite of two neurons, allows for exchange of info
43
neurotransmitter
creates polarization so that action potentials are made to carry info
44
reuptake
neurons reabsorb neurotransmitters to avoid constant stimulation
45
reflex
an automatic response to sensory stimulation (sensory neuron>spinal cord>interneurons>motor neurons>muscles)
46
depolarization
positive ions enter the neuron, more prone to firing an action potential
47
hyperpolarization
negative ions enter the neuron, less prone to firing an action potential
48
refractory period
short rest period to recharge after firing
49
all-or-none reponse
neuron either fires or doesn't, not 50%
50
endorphins
neurotransmitter- pleasure and pain control
51
agonist
mimics shape and effect of neurotransmitter
52
antagonist
blocks neurotransmitters from reaching receptors
53
acetylcholine (ACh)
neurotransmitter- MOVEMENT, learning, memory not enough=alzheimer's
54
dopamine
neurotransmitter- movement, learning, attention, emotion, reward seeking (always the bridesmaid never the bride) too much=schizophrenia too little=parkinson's
55
serotonin
neurotransmitter- mood, hunger, sleep, arousal not enough=depression
56
norepinephrine
neurotransmitter- fight or flight (alertness/arousal)
57
GABA
inhibitory (alleviate brain activity) Too much: Huntington's Too little: seizures, insomnia
58
glutamate
excititory
59
endocrine system
responsible for secretion of hormones for bodily chemical communication location: glands, bloodstream, tissues, brain
60
hormones
chemical messengers that affect tissues
61
adrenal glands
triggers fight or flight response (increases heart rate, BP, blood sugar, energy) location: on top of kidneys
62
pituitary gland
growth, controls other glands location: above hypothalamus
63
thyroid
metabolism location: front of neck
64
parathyroid
regulates level of calcium in the blood location: behind the thyroid
65
pancreas
regulates blood sugar levels location: in abdomen, behind stomach
66
testis
secretes male sex hormones location: testicles
67
ovaries
secretes female sex hormones location: uterus
68
electroencephalogram (EEG)
records waves of electrical activity in the brain (neither structure nor function, just overall brain activity)
69
PET (positron emission tomography scan)
depicts brain activity through each area's glucose consumption (function)
70
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
magnetic fields affects atoms to release signals in order to provide a picture (structure)
71
fMRI (functional MRI)
records a video of blood use by brain structures during activities (function)
72
CAT scan
x-ray of the brain to examine tissue density (structure)
73
lesion
tissue destruction, either naturally or experimentally
74
phrenology
a theory that bumps on the skull reveal mental abilities and character traits
75
plasticity
the brain's ability to change based on experience
76
neurogenesis
the formation of new neurons
77
split brain
a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by surgically cutting the fibers connecting them
78
left vs right brain functions
speech is on left (reading, speaking, verbal memories, grammar) right= faces, patterns, music, emotional tone of speech
79
broca's area
for articulating and speaking words
80
wernike's area
language comprehension and deciphering
81
terminal buttons
the small knobs at the end of an axon that release neurotransmitters
82
afferent vs efferent
afferent neurons carry information from sensory receptors of the skin and other organs to the brain and spinal cord, whereas efferent neurons carry motor information away from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands of the body.
83
neuroplasticity
the brain's ability to change and adapt due to experience

AP Psych masterlist (16 decks)

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