Biopsychology

Question 1

cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information-processing tasks

Answer 1

neurons

Question 2

There are more neurons in the brain than the number of _____.

Answer 2

stars in the universe

Question 3

provide physical and metabolic support to neurons

Answer 3

glial cells

Question 4

What functions do glial cells perform?

Answer 4

neuronal insulation, communication, nutrient transport, and waste transport

Question 5

What type of cell acts as interconnected information processors?

Answer 5

neurons

Question 6

What part of the neuron structure holds DNA, the genetic information?

Answer 6

nucleus

Question 7

What part of the neuron structure sends out electrical impulses which holds information?

Answer 7

axon

Question 8

What part of the neuron structure receives information?

Answer 8

dendrites

Question 9

What part of the neuron structure is a rubber insulator that helps to transport information quickly?

Answer 9

myelin sheath

Question 10

membrane potential of a neuron that is NOT sending signals to other neurons

Answer 10

resting potential

Question 11

electric signal that is conducted along a neuron’s axon to a synapse

Answer 11

acting potential

Question 12

chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neuron’s dendrites

Answer 12

neurotransmitters

Question 13

moving a transmitter from the synapse back into the axon terminal form where it was released

Answer 13

reuptake

Question 14

What are some types of neurotransmitters?

Answer 14

• Acetylcholine (Ach)
• Dopamine (DA)
• Glutamate
• GABA
• Norephinephrine (NE)
• Serotonin (5-HT)
• Endorphins
• Oxytocin

Question 15

What does acetylcholine control?

Answer 15

voluntary motor control (eg. tourettes, epilepsy, Parkinson’s)

Question 16

What does dopamine do?

Answer 16

makes a person “feel good”

Question 17

What type of neurotransmitter is glutamate?

Answer 17

“excitatory” (eg. Adderall, cocaine)

Question 18

What type of neurotransmitter is GABA?

Answer 18

“inhibitory” (eg. alcohol)

Question 19

What does norepinephrine control?

Answer 19

mood & arousal

Question 20

What does serotonin regulate?

Answer 20

sleeping, eating, and aggressive behavior

Question 21

What do endorphins target?

Answer 21

pain & emotion

Question 22

What does oxytocin deal with?

Answer 22

attachment

Question 23

What do psychoactive drugs do?

Answer 23

correct neurotransmitter imbalances

Question 24

mimics a neurotransmitter at the receptor sit and strengthens its effects

Answer 24

agonists

Question 25

blocks the normal activity of a neurotransmitter at the receptor site

Answer 25

antagonists

Question 26

consists of the brain & spinal cord

Answer 26

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 27

compromised of the somatic & autonomic nervous system

Answer 27

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 28

What are the actions that parasympathetic nerves do?

Answer 28

- constrict pupils - stimulate saliva - constrict airways - slow heartbeat - stimulate activity of stomach - inhibit release of glucose - stimulate gallbladder - stimulate activity of intestines - contract bladder - promote erection of genitals

Question 29

What are the actions that sympathetic nerves do?

Answer 29

- dilate pupils - inhibit salivation - relax airways - increase heartbeat - inhibit activity of stomach - stimulate release of glucose - inhibit gallbladder - inhibit activity of intestines - relax bladder - promote ejaculation & vaginal contractions - secrete epinephrine & norepinephrine

Question 30

How does the immune system react during a fight or flight response?

Answer 30

is repressed

Question 31

How do the lungs react during a fight or flight response?

Answer 31

- breathing becomes faster & shallower - more oxygen is consumed - more carbon dioxide is expelled

Question 32

How does the heart react during a fight or flight response?

Answer 32

- beats faster - pumps more blood - blood pressure rises - blood increases to muscles - blood decreases to organs

Question 33

How does the skin react during a fight or flight response?

Answer 33

sweating begins

Question 34

How does the pancreas react during a fight or flight response?

Answer 34

- pumps out glucagon - produces less insulin - blood sugar levels rise

Question 35

How does the endocrine system react during a fight or flight response?

Answer 35

- pumps out adrenaline, noradrenaline, & cortisol - noradrenaline constricts blood vessels - releases less growth hormones - produces fewer sex hormones

Question 36

What are the parts of the endocrine system?

Answer 36

- pineal gland - hypothalamus - thalamus - pituitary gland - adrenal glands - pancreas - uterus/ovaries (females) - testes (males) - thyroid - trachea - thymus

Question 37

What are the parts of the thyroid?

Answer 37

- thyroid cartilage - thyroid gland - parathyroid glands

Question 38

thick band of neural fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain and allows for communication between them

Answer 38

corpus callosum

Question 39

What are the 3 regions of the brain?

Answer 39

forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

Question 40

What are the 4 lobes of the forebrain?

Answer 40

frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

Question 41

What does the frontal lobe contain?

Answer 41

motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, & Broca's area

Question 42

What does the motor cortex do?

Answer 42

plan & coordinate movement

Question 43

What does the prefrontal cortex control?

Answer 43

higher-level cognitive functioning

Question 44

What does Broca's area focus on?

Answer 44

language production

Question 45

What are the components of the parietal lobe?

Answer 45

somatosenory cortex & topographic organization

Question 46

What does the somatosenosry cortex do?

Answer 46

process sensory information

Question 47

What are the components of the temporal lobe?

Answer 47

auditory cortex, Wernicke's area, & memory and emotion

Question 48

What does the auditory cortex do?

Answer 48

processes auditory information

Question 49

What does Wernicke's area focus on?

Answer 49

speech comprehension

Question 50

What are the components of the occipital lobe?

Answer 50

primary visual cortex & retinotopic organization

Question 51

What are the components of the limbic system?

Answer 51

- amygdala - hippocampus - hypothalamus

Question 52

structure involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories

Answer 52

amygdala

Question 53

structure associate with learning and memory

Answer 53

hippocampus

Question 54

regulates sexual motivation and behavior and a number of homeostatic processes

Answer 54

hypothalamus

Question 55

Which part of the limbic system serves as an interface between neuron and the endocrine system?

Answer 55

hypothalamus

Question 56

activate when an organisms engages in a behavior or observes another engage in that behavior

Answer 56

mirror neurons

Question 57

each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body

Answer 57

brain lateralization