Memory

Question 1

memory

Answer 1

set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over time

Question 2

encoding

Answer 2

inputs information into the memory system

Question 3

storage

Answer 3

the retention of encoded information

Question 4

retrieval

Answer 4

getting the information out of memory and back into awareness

Question 5

What are the 4 types of encoding?

Answer 5

• acoustic
• semantic
• visual
• recoding

Question 6

acoustic

Answer 6

input of sounds, words, and music

Question 7

semantic

Answer 7

input of words and their meaning

Question 8

visual

Answer 8

input of images

Question 9

recoding

Answer 9

taking information from the form its delivered to us and then converting it in a way we can make sense of it

Question 10

What are the stages of storage?

Answer 10

1.) sensory input
2.) sensory memory
3.) short-term memory
4.) long-term memory

Question 11

sensory memory

Answer 11

storage that holds sensory information for a few seconds or less

Question 12

What are the 2 types of sensory memory?

Answer 12

iconic and echoic

Question 13

short-term memory (STM)

Answer 13

storage that holds non-sensory information for less than a few seconds but less than a minute

Question 14

What are the 2 types of long-term memory?

Answer 14

explicit and implicit

Question 15

What are the 2 types of explicit memory?

Answer 15

episodic and semantic

Question 16

What are the 2 types of implicit memory?

Answer 16

procedural and emotional

Question 17

long-term memory (LTM)

Answer 17

storage that holds information for hours, days, weeks, or years

Question 18

What are the 2 levels of depth of processing?

Answer 18

shallow and deep

Question 19

recall

Answer 19

accessing information without cues

Question 20

recognition

Answer 20

identifying previously learned information after encountering it again, usually in response to a cue

Question 21

relearning

Answer 21

learning information that was previously learned

Question 22

amnesia

Answer 22

loss of LTM that occurs as the result of disease, physical or psychological trauma

Question 23

What are the 2 types of amnesia?

Answer 23

retrograde and anterograde

Question 24

retrograde amnesia

Answer 24

loss of memory for events that occurred prior to brain trauma

Question 25

anterograde amnesia

Answer 25

inability to form new memories

Question 26

What are the 7 sins of memory?

Answer 26

1.) transience 2.) absentmindedness 3.) blocking 4.) memory misattribution 5.) suggestibility 6.) bias 7.) persistence

Question 27

transience

Answer 27

forgetting what occurs with the passage of time

Question 28

What are the 2 types of transience?

Answer 28

retroactive and proactive interference

Question 29

retroactive interference

Answer 29

current learnings interfere with past learnings

Question 30

proactive interference

Answer 30

past learning interfere with future learnings

Question 31

absentmindedness

Answer 31

lapse in attention that results in memory failure

Question 32

What is a type of absentmindedness?

Answer 32

prospective memory

Question 33

prospective memory

Answer 33

remembering to do things in the future

Question 34

blocking

Answer 34

failure to retrieve information that is available

Question 35

memory misattribution

Answer 35

assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source

Question 36

What are types of memory misattribution?

Answer 36

source memory and false recognition

Question 37

source memory

Answer 37

recall of when, where, and how information was acquired

Question 38

false recognition

Answer 38

feeling of familiarity about something that hasn't been encountered before

Question 39

suggestibility

Answer 39

tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections

Question 40

bias

Answer 40

distorting influence of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences

Question 41

What are the types of bias?

Answer 41

- consistency bias - change bias - egocentric bias

Question 42

persistence

Answer 42

intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget

Question 43

flashbulb memories

Answer 43

detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events

Question 44

What are some memory enhancing strategies?

Answer 44

- rehearsal - chunking - elaborative rehearsal - mnemonic device