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Psychology > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

collects, processes and responds to info from the body, coordinates different organs and cells

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2
Q

whats the cerebral cortex?

A

outer layer of the brain which distinguishes human mental function compared to animals.
some animals dont have a brain such as sponges and jellyfish.

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3
Q

what does the spinal cord and PNS do?

A

spinal cord controls reflex actions(e.f remove finger from hot object) and PNS transmits msgs to and from the CNS

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4
Q

what is the endocrine system?

A

works alongside the nervous system, its slower but is in charge of vital functions

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5
Q

what are hormones?

A

are sectreted in the blood stream and go to the target area.

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6
Q

what is the pituitary gland?

A

This is the master gland (in the brain) which controls many vital functions in the body and the secretion of hormones from glands including endocrine glands

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7
Q

What is fight or flight?

A

response in a stressful situation, a mechanism for survival, which turns parasympathetic state in sympathetic state,also experencing physiological changes

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8
Q

whats the parasympathetic state known as?

A

the rest and digest/ the brake

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9
Q

whats the adrenal medulla do?

A

realeses the hormone adrenaline in the sympathetic state

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10
Q

functions of the thyroid gland?

A

it releases thyroxine which controls the metabolic rates e.g heart rate

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11
Q

what does the pancreas do?

A

realses enzymes to help in digestion and produces insulin and glucagon to help control blood sugar levels

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12
Q

what are some symptoms of the sympathetic state(crenial)

A

1.increase heart rate
2.increase breathing rate
3.dilates pupils
4.inhibits saliva production
5.inhibit digestion
6.contracts rectum

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13
Q

sympathetic state (sacrial nerves)

A

1.relax bladder
2.secretes epinephrine(hormone in blood) and norepinephrine (energy release)

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14
Q

the parasympathetic state(thermic nerves)

A

1.decrease heart rate
2.decrease breathing rate
3.stimulates digestion
4.stimulates saliva
5.relaxes rectum
6.constricts pupils

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15
Q

parasympathetic (lumber nerves)

A

1.contracts the bladder
2.erection of genital

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16
Q

When impulses are within neurons

A

electrical

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17
Q

impulses between neurons

A

chemical

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18
Q

where do neuro transmitters get released from?

A

synaptic vesicles

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19
Q

neurotransmitters functions

A

either chemically or electrically and the electrochemical events trigger thoughts, actions and behaviours

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20
Q

sensory neuron function

A

transmits msgs from PNS to cns (long dendrites and short axons)

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21
Q

relay neuron function

A

transmits info from sensory to motor(short dendrites and axons)

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22
Q

motor neuron function

A

transmits msgs from CNS to effectors which are muscles and glands to produce a response( short dendrites and long axons)

23
Q

synaptic transmission

A

1.impulse travels down the neuron
2. reaches the terminal buttons
3.neurotransmitters fired into the gap via synaptic vescicles
4.taken up by adajcent neuron by binding to receptors
5.electrical impulse travels down the axon

24
Q

neurotransmitters functions

A

realased from syaptic vesciles, reuptake(going back up terminal buttons) or digested by enzymes.
neurotransmitters DIFFUSE along the synpase

25
Q

function of hypothalamus

A

controls 8 major hormones
-the body temp
-water intake

26
Q

pituitary gland

A

controls the functions of endocrine glands

27
Q

thyroid/parathyroid

A

-controls metabolism
-growth
-maturation

28
Q

parathyroid

A

behind the thyroid and pea sized

29
Q

adrenal

A

lies behind the kidney
-reacts to stressors
-controls fat
-blood sugar

30
Q

adrenals glands release….

A

cortisol and aldostrone

31
Q

pancreas function

A

realeases insulin,
-glycogon
-somatosatin

32
Q

ovaries…

A

2 small organs at child birth

33
Q

testes

A

control spem production and testerone

34
Q

pituitary gland…

A

master gland pea sized in brain= controls -
-growth
-blood sugar
-hormones
-release water
-thyroid
-blood pressure

35
Q

difference between anterior and posterior

A

anterior- related to the hypothalamus
posterior- secretes oxytocin and ADH

36
Q

what is a hormone?

A

chemical secreted into the bloodstream for communication

37
Q

What does the autonomic control?

A

controls metabolism e.g breathing rate and heart rate

38
Q

what does somatic control?

A

controls the muscles and response by reflexes. Recieves sensory info from receptors.

39
Q

What are the CNS and PNS?

A

-specialized group of cells in the human body
-main internal communication system

40
Q

Process of flight or fight?

A

1.there is a change in stimuli in the environment
2.sensory receptors receive the change
3.body changes from parasympathetic to sympathetic
4.pituitary gland releases ADH
5.this causes adrenal gland to release adrenaline into the blood stream
6. this arouses physiological changes such as fast heart rate and breathing rate
7. once the stressors has passed the bodys activity reduces and goes back to parasympathetic which is the rest and digest brake.

41
Q

Performance and fight or flight…

A

When performing fight or flight and the release of adrenaline is good because it increases the performance of tasks we are good at.
But,
in tasks we not good at it can give a poor outcome due to the stress feeling.

42
Q

what is action potential?

A

explosion of electrical activity (the resting potential moves forward)

43
Q

function of a neuron

A

the neuron sends info down the axon away from the cell body

44
Q

What is inhibition?

A

Negatively charged so less likely to fire e.g serotonin and GABA

45
Q

What is excitory?

A

Positively charged more likely to fire e.g adrenaline and acetycholine

46
Q

What happens when you touch a hot object?

A

-The sensory neurons detect this
-information is passed along the neuron as an electrical impulse .
-Chemicals cross the synapse
-trigger elec impulse along inner neuron
travels to motor neuron
-goes to the effectors e,g muscle, glands to produce response
-remove finger

47
Q

knee jerk

A

1.stimulus hits the knee
2.sense organs in PNS convey message along sensory neuron
3.message reaches CNS and connects to relay
4.transfers to motor to carry msg to effector e.g muscle contracts so knee jerks

48
Q

purpose of nucleus?

A

-contains gentic info

49
Q

purpose of dendrites?

A

-carry nerve impulses towards cell body from neigbouring neurons

50
Q

purpose of axons?

A

-carry nerve impulses away from cell body

51
Q

purpose of myelin sheath?

A

-fatty layer protecting axons
-speed up electrical impulse

52
Q

purpose of nodes of ranvier?

A

-speed up transmission
-forcing it to jump across gaps along axon

53
Q

purpose of terminal buttons?

A

-communicate with next neuron across the synapse

Psychology (6 decks)

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