biostats

Question 1

a group of methods used to collect, analyze,
present, and interpret data and to make decisions.

Answer 1

statistics

Question 2

Decisions made by using
statistical methods

Answer 2

Educated guesses

Question 3

Decisions made without using
statistical or scientific methods

Answer 3

Pure guesses

Question 4

Statistics has two aspects

Answer 4

: theoretical and applied statistics.

Question 5

deals with the development, derivation, and
proof of statistical theorems, formulas, rules, and laws.

Answer 5

Mathematical/Theoretical statistics

Question 6

involves the application of those theorems, formulas, rules, and
laws to solve real-world problems (e.g. economics, psychology, public health).

Answer 6

Applied statistics

Question 7

What are the types/branches of Statistics?

Answer 7

descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.

Question 8

consists of methods for organizing,
displaying, and describing data by
using tables, graphs, and summary
measures

Answer 8

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Question 9

consists of methods that use sample
results to help make decisions or
predictions about a population from a
sample.

Answer 9

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Question 10

is the branch of applied statistics
directed toward applications in the health sciences and biology.

Answer 10

Statistical Biology/Biostatistics

Question 11

a specific subject of object (e.g. a
person, a company, a state, or country) about which the information is collected.

Answer 11

element/ member of a sample or population

Question 12

a characteristic under study that assumes different values of different
elements.

Answer 12

variable.

Question 13

the value of a variable for an element.

Answer 13

An observation or measurement

Question 14

a collection of observations on one or more variables

Answer 14

A data set

Question 15

results when a single variable is measured.

Answer 15

Univariate data

Question 16

results when two variables are measured.

Answer 16

Bivariate data

Question 17

the collection of all elements–individuals, items, or objects–whose
characteristics are being studied.

Answer 17

population

Question 18

results when more than two variables are measured.

Answer 18

Multivariate data

Question 19

the collection of a number of elements selected from a population. It is a
subset selected from the target population.

Answer 19

sample

Question 20

the collection of information that includes every
member of the population.

Answer 20

census

Question 21

the collection of information from the
elements of a sample.

Answer 21

sample survey

Question 22

a numerical measure that summarize data for an entire population.

Answer 22

parameter

Question 23

a numerical measure that summarize data from a sample.

Answer 23

statistic

Question 24

a method of
sampling in which each member of the
population has some chance of being
selected in the sample.

Answer 24

Random sampling

Question 25

a method of sampling in which some member of the population may not have any chance of being selected in the sample.

Answer 25

Nonrandom sampling

Question 26

Two types of nonrandom sampling

Answer 26

convenience sampling and a judgment sampling.

Question 27

the most accessible members of the population are selected to obtain the results quickly.

Answer 27

convenience sampling

Question 28

the members are selected from the population based on the judgment and prior knowledge of an expert.

Answer 28

judgment sampling

Question 29

are used to obtain a random sample that represents the target population.

Answer 29

Random sampling techniques

Question 30

is a sampling technique in which any particular sample of a specific sample size has the same chance of being selected as any other sample of the same size.

Answer 30

Simple random sampling

Question 31

is the number of elements in the sample, denoted by n.

Answer 31

Sample size

Question 32

denoted by N, is the number of elements in the population.

Answer 32

population size

Question 33

is a sampling technique in which the elements of the sample are taken from every kth element in the population arranged alphabetically or by other characteristic. Here, k = 𝑁/𝑛 .

Answer 33

Systematic random sampling

Question 34

is a sampling technique in which the entire population is divided into smaller groups (called strata; stratum in singular) that are not overlapping and represent the entire population.

Answer 34

Stratified random sampling

Question 35

is a sampling technique in which the entire population is divided into multiple groups (called clusters) usually by geographical area.

Answer 35

Cluster sampling

Question 36

are variables that can be measured numerically. These variables are collected in quantitative data such as income, height, gross sales, price of a home, number of cars owned, and a number of accidents.

Answer 36

Quantitative or Numeric variables

Question 37

is a variable whose values are countable with no possible intermediate values between consecutive values.

Answer 37

discrete variable

Question 38

is a variable that can assume any numerical value between two numbers. Weight is an example of the variable since it can assume any value

Answer 38

continuous variable

Question 39

are variables that cannot be measured numerically can be divided into different categories. These variables are collected in a qualitative data. Civil status is an example of a qualitative variable which can take the values “Single”, “Married”, “Widowed”, or “Separated” – nonnumeric values.

Answer 39

Qualitative or categorical variables

Question 40

is a data collected on different elements at the same point or for the same period of time.

Answer 40

Cross-section data

Question 41

is a data collected on the same element of the same variable at different points or for different period of time.

Answer 41

Time-series data

Question 42

(pronounced sigma) is used to denote the sum of all values.

Answer 42

The uppercase Greek letter Σ

Question 43

the average of the given numbers and is calculated by dividing the sum of given numbers by the total number of numbers.

Answer 43

mean

Question 44

the middle number in a sorted ascending or descending list of numbers and can be more descriptive of that data set than the average

Answer 44

mediam

Question 45

number in a set of numbers that appears the most often.

Answer 45

mode

Question 46

number in a set of numbers that appears the most often.

Answer 46

mode