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Biochem II Semi-final pool > Biosynthesis of nonessential amino acids > Flashcards

Biosynthesis of nonessential amino acids Flashcards

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1
Q

Identify compound A in the reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase:

  1. isocitrate
  2. ascorbate
  3. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  4. oxaloacetate
  5. malate
A

answer:

  1. alpha-Ketoglutarate
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2
Q

Identify compound A in the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase:

  1. malate
  2. L-glutamate
  3. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  4. oxaloacetate
  5. aspartate
A

answer:

  1. L-glutamate
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3
Q

Identify compound A in the following reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase:

  1. L-asparagine
  2. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  3. glutathione
  4. L-glutamine
  5. L-aspartate
A

answer:

  1. L-glutamine
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4
Q

Identify cofactor A utilized in the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase:

  1. Mg-GTP
  2. Mg-GDP
  3. Mg-ATP
  4. Mg-ADP
  5. Mg-UTP
A

answer:

  1. Mg-ATP
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5
Q

Identify the cofactor utilized and formed in the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase:

  1. A is Mg-GTP, B is Mg-ATP
  2. A is Mg-ATP, B is Mg-ADP+Pi
  3. A is Mg-ADP+Pi, B is Mg-ATP
  4. A is Mg-GDP+Pi, B is Mg-GTP
  5. A is Mg-GTP, B is Mg-GDP+Pi
A

answer:

  1. A is Mg-ATP, B is Mg-ADP+Pi
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6
Q

The synthesis of glutamine catalyzed by glutamine synthetase involves the formation of the following intermedier. Name the intermedier:

  1. aspartyl-phosphate
  2. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  3. 3-phospho-glycerate
  4. 2-phospho-glycerate
  5. gamma-glutamyl-phosphate
A

answer:

  1. gamma-glutamyl-phosphate
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7
Q

Identify compound A in the reaction catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase:

  1. Lactate
  2. Malate
  3. Fumarate
  4. Pyruvate
  5. Succinate
A

answer:

  1. Pyruvate
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8
Q

Identify compound A in the following reaction:

  1. Glycine
  2. Ornithine
  3. Alanine
  4. Glutamine
  5. Lactate
A

answer:

  1. Alanine
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9
Q

Name the enzyme catalyzing the following reaction:

  1. Aspartate aminotransferase
  2. Glutamate dehydrogenase
  3. Pyruvate carboxylase
  4. Alanine aminotransferase
  5. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
A

answer:

  1. Alanine aminotransferase
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10
Q

Transamination of pyruvate forms the following compound:

  1. Lactate
  2. Aspartate
  3. Alanine
  4. Malate
  5. Glutamate
A

answer:

  1. Alanine
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11
Q

Transaminases require the following coenzyme:

  1. Coenzyme A
  2. Lipoic acid
  3. Biotin
  4. Pyridoxal phosphate
  5. FAD
A

answer:

  1. Pyridoxal phosphate

(convert into pryidoxamine)

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12
Q

Identify compound B in the reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase:

  1. citrate
  2. L-glutamate
  3. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  4. oxaloacetate
  5. aspartate
A

answer:

  1. L-glutamate.
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13
Q

Transamination of oxaloacetate forms the following compound:

  1. Pyruvate
  2. Aspartate
  3. Glutamate
  4. Malate
  5. Lactate
A

answer:

  1. Aspartate
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14
Q

The amino donor in the formation of alanine by transamination of pyruvate is the following amino acid:

  1. Glutamine
  2. Asparagine
  3. Serine
  4. Ornithine
  5. Glutamate
A

answer:

  1. Glutamate.

also could be Aspartate

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15
Q

Identify compound A in the reaction catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase:

  1. Glutamate or Aspartate
  2. Asparagine or Glutamine
  3. Aspartate or Asparagine
  4. Lactate or Malate
  5. Arginine
A

answer:

  1. Glutamate or Aspartate
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16
Q

Identify compound A in the reaction catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase:

  1. Lactate
  2. Fumarate or Malate
  3. alpha-Ketoglutarate or oxaloacetate
  4. Glutamine or Asparagine
  5. Glutamine or Ornithine
A

answer:

  1. alpha-Ketoglutarate or oxaloacetate.
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17
Q

Name the enzyme catalyzing the following reaction:

  1. Aspartate aminotransferase
  2. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
  3. Glutamine synthetase
  4. Asparagine synthetase
  5. Asparaginase
A

answer:

  1. Asparagine synthetase.
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18
Q

Identify compound A in the reaction catalyzed by asparagine synthetase:

  1. L-Glutamate
  2. L-Aspartate
  3. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  4. L-Alanine
  5. Oxaloacetate
A

answer:

  1. L-Aspartate
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19
Q

Identify compound A in the following reaction:

  1. Alanine
  2. Glutamine
  3. Asparagine
  4. Arginine
  5. Glycine
A

answer:

  1. Asparagine
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20
Q

Identify the cofactor utilized in the reaction catalyzed by asparagine synthetase:

  1. NADH + H+
  2. Mg-ATP
  3. Acetyl-CoA
  4. FADH2
  5. Mg-GTP
A

answer:

  1. Mg-ATP.
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21
Q

The following compound provides nitrogen in the conversion of aspartate to asparagine catalyzed by human asparagine synthetase:

  1. NH4+
  2. Alanine
  3. Aspartate
  4. Glutamine
  5. Glutamate
A

answer:

  1. Glutamine

!!! NH4+ is used only in bacterial asparagine synthetases !!!

(in glutamine synthetase reaction NH4+ is used)

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22
Q

The synthesis of asparagine catalyzed by asparagine synthetase involves the formation of the following intermedier. Name the intermedier:

  1. aspartyl-phosphate
  2. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  3. phospho-serine
  4. 3-phospho-glycerate
  5. glutamyl phosphate
A

answer:

  1. aspartyl-phosphate
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23
Q

Name the enzyme catalyzing the following reaction:

  1. Glutamate dehydrogenase
  2. Glutamate decarboxylase
  3. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
  4. Glutaminase
  5. Glutamine synthetase
A

answer:

  1. Glutamate dehydrogenase
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24
Q

Oxidation of the glycolytic intermedier 3-phosphoglycerate is catalyzed by the following enzyme in serine biosynthesis:

  1. 3-phosphoglycerate isomerase
  2. Phosphoglycerate mutase
  3. 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
  4. 2-phosphoglycerate isomerase
  5. 2-phosphoglycerate reductase
A

answer:

  1. 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase

oxidation of alpha- hydroxyl group.

convert 3-phosphoglycerate into 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate.

Afterwards, transamination and dephosphorylation -> form serine.

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25
Name the product of the following reaction in serine biosynthesis: 1. 2-phosphoglycerate 2. Phosphoenol-pyruvate 3. Phospho-serine 4. aspartyl-phosphate 5. Phosphohydroxy-pyruvate
answer: 5. Phosphohydroxy-pyruvate
26
What is the sequence of reactions in serine biosynthetic pathway starting from the glycolytic intermedier 3-phosphoglycerate? 1. reduction, dephosphorylation, transamination 2. oxidation, transamination, dephosphorylation 3. oxidation, transamination, phosphorylation 4. reduction, transamination, phosphorylation 5. oxidation, dephosphorylation, transamination
answer: 2. oxidation, transamination, dephosphorylation.
27
Which of the following glycolytic intermedier is oxidized by a dehydrogenase in serine biosynthetic pathway? 1. 2-phosphoglycerate 2. 3-phosphoglycerate 3. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 4. phosphoenol-pyruvate 5. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
answer: 2. 3-phosphoglycerate
28
Which of the following cofactor is utilized by 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in serine biosynthetic pathway? 1. FAD 2. FADH2 3. NAD+ 4. NADH + H+ 5. NADP+
answer: 3. NAD+
29
Identify compound A formed from phosphohydroxy-pyruvate in serine biosynthesis: 1. Phosphoenol-pyruvate 2. 2-phosphoglycerate 3. 3-phosphoglycerate 4. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 5. Phospho-L-serine
answer: 5. Phospho-L-serine
30
The type of the reaction shown below is: 1. Transamination 2. Amination 3. Deamination 4. Amidation 5. Deamidation
answer: 1. Transamination
31
Hydrolytic removal of the phosphoryl group from phospho-L-serine in serine biosynthesis is catalized by the following enzyme: 1. phosphoserine-dehydrogenase 2. phosphoserine-hydrolase 3. serine-dehydrogenase 4. serine-hydrolase 5. serine synthetase
answer: 2. phosphoserine-hydrolase
32
Intermediers formed from 3-phosphoglycerate in serine biosynthesis are the following: 1. 2-phosphoglycerate, phospho-L-serine, phosphoenol-pyruvate 2. 2-phosphoglycerate, phosphohydroxy-pyruvate, phospho-L-serine 3. phosphohydroxy-pyruvate, phospho-L-serine 4. phosphoenol-pyruvate, phosphohydroxy-pyruvate 5. phosphoenol-pyruvate, phospho-L-serine
answer: 3. phosphohydroxy-pyruvate, phospho-L-serine
33
Which of the following amino acid can be formed from choline? 1. Serine 2. Glutamine 3. Asparagine 4. Glycine 5. Alanine
answer: 4. Glycine. \*only in mammals, additional route for Glycine is from Serine.\* In general, Glycine can be synthesized from glyoxylate and glutamate or alanine.
34
Identify the type of the reaction catalyzed by mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase in the direction of L-glutamate formation: 1. oxidative deamination 2. oxidative decarboxylation 3. oxidative carboxylation 4. reductive amination 5. reductive decarboxylation
answer: 4. Reductive amination !!! in the Harper's the use the term **reductive amidation**!!!
35
Identify the amino acid (AA) formed in the synthetic pathway shown below: 1. Alanine 2. Serine 3. Glycine 4. Glutamine 5. Asparagine
answer: 3. Glycine
36
Name the amino acid (AA) formed in the synthetic pathway shown below: 1. Alanine 2. Serine 3. Glutamine 4. Glycine 5. Asparagine
answer: 4. Glycine
37
Name compound A in the synthetic pathway shown below: 1. Serine 2. Phospho-L-serine 3. Glutamate 4. Alanine 5. Choline
answer: 5. Choline
38
Glycine aminotransferases can catalyze the formation of glycine from the following compounds: 1. Arginine, Lysine 2. Glutamine, Asparagine 3. Glyoxylate, Glutamate, Alanine 4. Pyruvate, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 5. Histidine
answer: 3. Glyoxylate, Glutamate, Alanine
39
Interconversion of serine and glycine is catalyzed by the following enzyme: 1. Glycine-N-methyl-transferase 2. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 3. Serine dehydrogenase 4. Glycine aminotransferase 5. Glycine dehydrogenase
answer: 2. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
40
Biosynthetic pathway of glycine from choline involves the following compounds: 1. methylene-homocysteine, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 2. phospho-L-serine, phosphohydroxy-pyruvate 3. alanine, 3-phosphoglycerate, 2-phosphoglycerate 4. glutamate, glutamine, N-formyl-homocysteine 5. betainaldehyde, betain, sarcosine
answer: 5. betainaldehyde, betain, sarcosine
41
Identify cofactor A in the following synthetic pathway: 1. FAD 2. NADP+ 3. NAD+ 4. NADH+H+ 5. FADH2
answer: 3. NAD+
42
First reaction of glycine biosynthesis from choline is catalyzed by the following enzyme: 1. Sarcosine dehydrogenase 2. Choline dehydrogenase 3. Choline-N-methyl-transferase 4. Betain-N-methyl-transferase 5. Dimethyl-glycine dehydrogenase
answer: 2. Choline dehydrogenase
43
Name the enzyme catalyzing the following reaction: 1. Dimethyl-glycine dehydrogenase 2. Serine dehydrogenase 3. Serine hydrolase 4. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 5. Homocystein-N-methyl-transferase
answer: 4. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
44
Identify the amino acid (AA) interconverted to glycine in the following reaction: 1. Serine 2. Alanine 3. Glutamine 4. Homocystein 5. Glutamate
answer: 1. Serine
45
Identify the type of the reaction catalyzed by mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase in the direction of alpha-Ketoglutarate formation: 1. oxidative deamination 2. oxidative decarboxylation 3. oxidative carboxylation 4. reductive amination 5. reductive decarboxylation
answer: 1. oxidative deamination. \*reation for alpha ketoglutarate formation\*
46
Name the amino acid (AA) interconverted to glycine in the following reaction: 1. Homocysteine 2. Serine 3. Alanine 4. Glutamine 5. Aspartate
answer: 2. Serine
47
Serine is interconverted to the following amino acid by serine-hydroxymethyltransferase: 1. Alanine 2. Cysteine 3. Glutamine 4. Aspartate 5. Glycine
answer: 5. Glycerin
48
Serine is interconverted to another amino acid (AA) in the reaction shown below. Name the amino acid: 1. Alanine 2. Glycine 3. Glutamine 4. Aspartate 5. Cystein
answer: 2. Glycine
49
Serine is interconverted to glycine by the following enzyme: 1. Dimethyl-glycine dehydrogenase 2. Serine dehydrogenase 3. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 4. Serine hydrolase 5. Homocystein-N-methyl-transferase
answer: 3. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
50
In the reaction catalyzed by serine-hydroxymethyltransferase enzyme the following cofactor is utilized: 1. Biotin 2. NADH+H+ 3. Dihydrobiopterine 4. Tetrahydrofolate 5. Coenzyme A
answer: 4. Teyrahydrofolate (H4 folate)
51
In the interconversion of serine and glycine catalyzed by serine-hydroxymethyltransferase the following cofactor is formed: 1. NAD+ 2. FAD 3. Methylene-Tetrahydrofolate 4. FADH2 5. Coenzyme A
answer: 3. Methylene-Tetrahydrofolate (methylene- H4 folate)
52
Name cofactor A utilized in the reaction catalyzed by serine-hydroxymethyltransferase: 1. Methylene-tetrahydrofolate 2. Methenyl-tetrahydrofolate 3. Dihydrofolate 4. Tetrahydrofolate 5. Formyl-dihydrofolate
answer: 4. Tetrahydrofolate
53
Name cofactor A formed in the reaction catalyzed by serine-hydroxymethyltransferase: 1. Methylene-tetrahydrofolate 2. Methenyl-tetrahydrofolate 3. Dihydrofolate 4. Tetrahydrofolate 5. Formyl-dihydrofolate
answer: 1. Methylene-tetrahydrofolate
54
Identify the cofactor utilized (A) and formed (B) in the reaction catalyzed by serine-hydroxymethyltransferase: 1. A is Methylene-tetrahydrofolate, B is Tetrahydrofolate 2. A is Dihydrofolate, B is Tetrahydrofolate 3. A is Methylene-tetrahydrofolate, B is Methenyl-tetrahydrofolate 4. A is Tetrahydrofolate, B is Methylene-tetrahydrofolate 5. A is Formyl-tetrahydrofolate, B is Methenyl-tetrahydrofolate
answer: 4. A is Tetrahydrofolate, B is Methylene-tetrahydrofolate
55
Serine and compound A is converted to homoserine and cysteine. Name compound A: 1. Selenocysteine 2. Methionine 3. Phospho-serine 4. Glycine 5. Homocysteine
answer: 5. Homocysteine
56
Identify the cofactor utilized and formed in the reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase: 1. A is FADH2, B is FAD 2. A is FAD, B is FADH2 3. A is NAD(P)H+H+, B is NAD(P)+ 4. A is NAD(P)+, B is NAD(P)H+H+ 5. A is NADH+H+, B is NADPH+H+
answer: 3. A is NAD(P)H+H+, B is NAD(P)+
57
L-Homocysteine and compound A is converted to L-homoserine and L-cysteine. Name compound A: 1. Cystine 2. Methionine 3. L-Serine 4. Phospho-serine 5. L-Homocysteine
answer: 3. L-serine
58
Serine and compound A is converted to L-homoserine and cysteine. Identify compound A: 1. Homocysteine 2. Selenocysteine 3. Ascorbate 4. Methionine 5. Glycine
answer: 1. Homocysteine
59
Serine and homocysteine is converted to homoserine and another amino acid. Name the amino acid: 1. Methionine 2. S-adenozyl-methionine 3. Glycine 4. Formyl-methionine 5. Cysteine
answer: 5. Cysteine
60
Name compound A in the reaction shown below: 1. Homoserine 2. Methionine 3. Cystine 4. Phospho-serine 5. Formyl-methionine
answer: 1. Homoserine
61
The following enzyme converts phenylalanine to tyrosine: 1. Phenylalanine-hydroxymethyl-transferase 2. Phenylalanine-hydroxylase 3. Phenylalanine-dehydrogenase 4. Phenylalanine-oxidase 5. Phenylalanine-decarboxylase
answer: 1. phenylalanine- hydroxylase
62
Identify amino acid (AA) lacking in the reaction shown below: 1. Histidine 2. Tryptophane 3. Phenylalanine 4. Glutamine 5. Lysisne
answer: 3. Phenylalanine
63
Phenylalanine-hydroxylase converts phenylalanine to the following compound: 1. Homoserine 2. Tyrosine 3. Tryptophane 4. Alanine 5. S-adenosyl-methionine
answer: 2. Tyrosine
64
Identify cofactor A utilized in the reaction catalyzed by phenylalanine-hydroxylase: 1. Biotin 2. FADH2 3. Tetrahydrobiopterine 4. Dihydrofolate 5. Tetrahydrofolate
answer: 3. Tetrahydrobiopterine
65
Identify cofactor A formed in the reaction catalyzed by phenylalanine-hydroxylase: 1. Tetrahydrobiopterine 2. Tetrahydrofolate 3. Dihydrofolate 4. Dihydrobiopterine 5. Folate
answer: 4. Dihydrobiopterine
66
henylalanine-hydroxylase enzyme is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: 1. oxygenase 2. estherase 3. dehydrogenase 4. isomerase 5. mixed function oxidase
answer: 5. mixed function oxidase
67
The reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase favors glutamate synthesis, which lowers the concentration of cytotoxic compound A. Please name compound A: 1. NO 2. H2O2 3. O2- 4. ONOO- 5. NH4+
answer: 5. NH4+
68
Catalysis by phenylalanine-hydroxylase incorporates one atom of compound A into phenylalanine: 1. H2O2 2. COO- 3. O2 4. OH- 5. CO2
answer: 3. O2
69
Name cofactor A providing reducing power in the reaction catalyzed by phenylalanine-hydroxylase: 1. Glutathione 2. NADPH+H+ 3. FADH2 4. NADH+H+ 5. H2O2
answer: 2. NADPH+H+
70
Prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase enzymes are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 1. hydrolyses 2. estherases 3. mixed function oxidases 4. isomerases 5. oxygenases
answer: 3. mixed function oxidases
71
Identify compound A decarboxylated in the reaction catalyzed by prolyl hydroxylase: 1. Oxaloacetate 2. Citrate 3. Glutamate 4. alpha-Ketoglutarate 5. Aspartate
answer: 4. alpha-Ketoglutarate
72
Identify compound A formed by decarboxylation of alpha-Ketoglutarate in the reaction catalyzed by prolyl hydroxylase: 1. Oxaloacetate 2. Malate 3. Glutamate 4. Succinate 5. Fumarate
answer: 4. Succinate
73
Hydroxylation of peptidyl prolyl and peptidyl lysyl residues of proteins catalyzed by the following emzymes: 1. Phenylalanine-hydroxylase 2. Prolyl oxygenase and Lysyl oxygenase 3. Prolyl hydroxylase and Lysyl hydroxylase 4. Prolyl transferase and Lysyl transferase 5. Proline hydrolase and Lysine hydrolase
answer: 3. Prolyl hydroxylase and Lysyl hydroxylase
74
Catalysis by prolyl-hydroxylase incorporates one atom of compound A into proline and succinate: 1. H2O2 2. O2 3. NO2 4. CO2 5. COO-
answer: 2. O2
75
Identify cofactor A required in the reaction catalyzed by prolyl hydroxylase: 1. Cu2+ 2. Zn2+ 3. Fe2+ 4. Ca2+ 5. Mn2+
answer: 3. Fe2+
76
Identify cofactor A required in the reaction catalyzed by prolyl hydroxylase: 1. NAD+ 2. FADH2 3. GTP 4. Ascorbate 5. Fumarate
answer: 4. Ascorbate
77
Deficiency of the following vitamin required for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases results in scurvy: 1. Vitamin C 2. Vitamin A 3. Vitamin E 4. Vitamin B6 5. Vitamin B12
answer: 1. Vitamin C
78
Glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme of eukaryotes is present in the following cell organelle: 1. endoplasmatic reticulum 2. peroxisome 3. mitochondria 4. lysosome 5. Golgi apparatus
answer: 3. mitochondria
79
In the reaction catalyzed by prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases one atom of O2 is incorporated into proline or lysine and the other into the following compound: 1. Fumarate 2. Oxaloacetate 3. Citrate 4. Succinate 5. Malate
amswer: 4. Succinate

Biochem II Semi-final pool (7 decks)

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