Biotechnology (9) LearnSmart Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Biotechnology (9) LearnSmart Deck (17)
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1
Q

When two or more DNA molecules are linked together using in vitro methods the resulting molecule is called what?

A

recombinant DNA

2
Q

What is a good source of protein?

A

DNA

3
Q

What is a DNA library?

A

a collection of clones that together make up the entire genome of the organism being studied

4
Q

Complementary DNA (cDNA) produced from mature mRNA is used in cloning most eukaryotic genes, since it lacks what?

A

introns - which would disrupt the coding of genes

5
Q

cloning vector

A
bacteriophage or plasmid used in recombinant DNA technology
they must have- 
-promotor 
-must be capable of carrying donor DNA
- must be accepted by the cloning host
6
Q

what is a selectable marker?

A

something vectors normally have which is a gene that encodes resistance to an antibiotic such as ampicillin

7
Q

why do vectors have selectable markers?

A

allow researchers to eliminate any cells that have not taken up molecules containing vector sequences

8
Q

insertional inactivation

A

disruption of the vector markers function

9
Q

electroporation

A

cells that are not naturally competent (not ready to take up new DNA through transformation) such as E. Coli must be treated with chemicals to induce the DNA uptake
the procedure of electroporation creates temporary pores in the cytoplasmic membrane by exposing cells to an electric current

10
Q

simply what is dideoxy chain termination method?

A

it is the method used to cut DNA fragments into different sizes

11
Q

what is needed for PCR?

A

DNA template
DNA polymerase (Taq polymerase)
nucleotides (deoxyribonucleotides)
primers

12
Q

gel electrophoresis

A

way of using electronegativity to separate fragments of DNA by size

13
Q

what else can gel electrophoresis be used to separate other than DNA?

A

RNA

proteins

14
Q

what are the 3 basic steps of PCR?

A
  1. template DNA is denatured
  2. primers anneal to denatured DNA
  3. DNA synthesis occurs
15
Q

Why is Taq polymerase used in PCR?

A

because it is thermal stable and can be used even when DNA has to be denatured by heat

16
Q

what is the difference between dideoxynucleotides and deoxynucleotides?

A

dideoxynucleotides are derivatives of deoxynucleotides that differ only in 3’OH group

17
Q

what is needed for dideoxy chain termination method?

A
Template DNA
DNA polymerase
Primer
Deoxynucleotides
Dideoxynucleotides