Bipolar and Depression Flashcards
(34 cards)
Causes of mood disorders
Genetics, changes in norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine
Cognitive: learned negative behaviors
Behavioral: learned helplessness theory
Harsh superego
What is bipolar disorder
mood disorders marked by severe, pathologic mood swings, psychotic symptoms, mania or hypomania with depression
Types: Bipolar 1
classic and more severe
Manic or mixed. Alternate with major depressive disorder symptoms
Types: Bipolar II
hypomania
Alternates with depressive episodes
Not as severe
Types: Bipolar disorder cyclothymic
numerous hypomanic mingled with numerous depressive episodes that don’t meet criteria for major depressive disorder
Go through more cycles
Causes of bipolar disorder
Genetic
> nor & dopa, < ser
Precipitating events: life events, serious loss
Manic symptoms of bipolar
Expansive, grandiose or hyperirritable mood
Increased psychomotor activity
Excessive social extroversion
Short attention span
Rapid speech with flight of ideas
Decreased need for sleep and food
Impulsivity
Impaired judgment
Easy distractibility
Rapid response to external stimuli
Depressive symptoms of bipolar
Low self esteem
Social withdrawal
Feelings of hopelessness
Difficulty concentrating
Slowing of speech and responses
Sexual dysfunction
Sleep disturbances
Weight loss
Slow gait
Acute phase of bipolar client care
hospitalization, safety, and reduce manic symptoms, one on one
Maintenance phase of bipolar client care
Increase ability to function in community, medication compliance, prevent future manic episodes, lifetime
Continuation phase of bipolar client care
4-9 months depends, preventing relapse, medication adherence
Treatment of bipolar disorder
Lithium
Valprioic acid
Carbamazepine
Valproate
Nursing interventions for manic phase for bipolar
Provide physical needs
Encourage eating
Suggest naps & help with personal hygiene
Diversionary activities
Calm environment
Realistic goals for behavior
Collaborate with other staff
Nursing interventions for depressive phase of bipolar
Provide physical needs
Encourage eating
Positive reinforcement
Observe
Encourage talking/writing about feelings
What is cyclothymic disorder?
short periods of mild depression with short period of hypomania
Person never goes more than 2 months without symptoms
Cyclothymic hypomanic symptoms
Insomnia
Hyperactivity
Inflated self esteem
Increased productivity
Over involvement in pleasurable activities
Physical restlessness
Rapid speech
Cyclothymic depressive symptoms
Insomnia/hypersomnia
Feelings of inadequacy
< productivity
Social withdrawal
Loss of libido
< interest in pleasurable activities
Lethargy
Depressed speech
Treatment of cyclothymic disorder
Lithium, carbamazepine, valproic acid, verapamil, individual psychotherapy, family therapy
Nursing interventions of Cyclyothymic disorder
Explore ways to help the client cope with frequent mood changes
Types of depressiion
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Substance induced depressive disorder
Depressive disorder associated with another medical condition: terminal, hormonal
Postpartum depression
Causes of major depressive disorder
Genetics
Biochemical defects
Negative expectations
Depression after loss
Medications
Cancer, anemia, exposure to bacteria
Signs and symptoms of MDD
Feeling down in the dumps
> or < appetite
Sleep disturbance
< in sex
Difficulty concentrating of thinking
Indecisiveness
Low self esteem
Poor coping
Constipation or diarrhea
Acute phase of MDD
6-12 weeks, hospitalized decrease depression through medication, kept safe, suicidal ideation
Continuation phase MDD
4-9 months. ability to function to prevent relapse, increase self esteem and confidence
