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mental health > Child and Adolescent Disorder > Flashcards

Child and Adolescent Disorder Flashcards

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1
Q

What is resiliency
What influences it?

A

How well a person gets back up/bounce back from a situation.
Influence: positive factors and experiences

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2
Q

Developmental assessment

A

growth and development chart, noticing any abnormalities

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3
Q

Mental status assessment

A

depression and anxiety. Withdrawn

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4
Q

Denver II developmental screening test

A

look at developmental issues. Looking at kids in specific ages and the norms for their age.

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5
Q

Definition of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A

Pattern of inattention, memory deficits, learning, speech, and hearing disabilities. not recognized until child enters school

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6
Q

Types of ADHD

A

Combined presentation, predominantly inattentive presentation,
predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation

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7
Q

Biological influences for ADHD

A

Genetics
Biochemical: neurotransmitters
Anatomical changes: < volume and activity in prefrontal cortex

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8
Q

Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors that influence ADHD

A

maternal smoking, intrauterine exposure to toxic substances, fetal alcohol syndrome, maternal infections. Low birth weight, trauma, early infancy infections, or other insults to the brain, maternal hypertension, prematurity

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9
Q

Environmental influences of ADHD

A

elevated serum levels of lead, food dyes, and additives, preservatives, and sugar

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10
Q

Psychosocial influences of ADHD

A

disorganized or chaotic environments, young maternal age at birth, paternal history of antisocial behavior, and maternal depression

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11
Q

S&S of ADHD

A

impulsive, hyperactive, functional impairments, restlessness, disorganization, insomnia

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12
Q

Treatment of ADHD

A

Utilize parents and child therapy, school interventions, and medications

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13
Q

Medications for ADHD

A

CNS stimulants: dextroamphetamine (addictive) , methylphenidate

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14
Q

Nursing interventions for ADHD

A

Encourage self-worth, allowing breaks during classes

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15
Q

Definition of oppositional defiant disorder

A

Persistent pattern of angry mood and defiant behavior & interferes with social, education, and occupational of functioning

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16
Q

Biological influences of ODD

A

Temperament

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17
Q

Family influences of ODD

A

Power struggle between parent and child
Hx of abuse, neglect, or other traumas

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18
Q

How is someone diagnosed with ODD

A

has to happen outside of the family unit

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19
Q

S&S of ODD

A

fighting siblings, running away from home a lot, disrespectful for adults. Passive-aggressive behaviors: stubbornness, procrastination, disobedience, negativism

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20
Q

Viewpoint of someone with ODD

A

Do not see themselves as being oppositional but view the problems as arising from others whom they believe are making unreasonable demands on them. Perceive human relationships as negative and unsatisfactory

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21
Q

Nursing interventions of ODD

A

Encourage feelings of self-worth, take responsibility for actions, encourage cooperation with family, assist with the develop of socially appropriate behaviors, setup structures and boundaries
Understand that there are consequences to their behaviors

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22
Q

Definition of Conduct disorder

A

Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated

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23
Q

Biological influences of conduct disorder

A

Biological influences: genetics, irritable temperament, poor compliance, inattentiveness, and impulsivity, unstable families.

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24
Q

Psychosocial influences of CD

A

poor academic performance and social maladaptation, engaging in risk-taking behaviors

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25
Family influences of CD
parental rejection, neglect, or severe physical and verbal aggression, parental sociopathy, inconsistent or harsh punitive discipline, lack of parental supervision, frequent changes in residence, economic stressors, parents with antisocial personality disorder, marital conflict and divorce
26
S&S of CD
engaging in fighting, bullying on crack, intimidating people and deliberately destroying property. Stealing, lying, and truancy. Low self esteem. low level of academic achievement
27
CD could lead to
Antisocial personality disorder, mood disorders, learning disabilities, substance abuse, participation in sexual activities
28
Nursing interventions of CD
Develop empathy
29
Definition of Autism spectrum disorder
Withdrawal of the child into the self and into a fantasy world of his or her own creation. Abnormal or impaired dev. in social interaction and communication and restricted activity and interests
30
Level 1 of autism
high functioning. Require some organizational social deficits. Trouble bonding with other children. Speech and language is normal. No social skills
31
Level 2 of autism
Social impairments. Repetitive behavior. Some language and speech barriers
32
Level 3 of autism
Severe language and speech barriers. Might not be even verbal, repetitive behavior
33
Prenatal and perinatal influences of autism
Advanced parental age, fetal exposure to valproate, gestational diabetes, and gestational bleeding Low birth weight, obstetrical complications, hyperbilirubinemia, congenital malformation, exposure to environmental toxins
34
Neurological implications of autism
Enlarged size of amygdala, striatum and total brain volume
35
S&S of autism Impairment in social interaction
Show little interest in people and often do not respond to others Aversion to affection and physical contact Lack of spontaneity manifested in less cooperative play, less imaginative play, and fewer friendships Inability to accurately process others’ feelings or affect
36
S&S of autism Impairment in communication and imaginative activity
Verbal: absent or immature structure or idiosyncratic utterances Nonverbal: Absent facial expressions or gestures Overreact to sound or other stimuli Play is restricted and repetitive
37
S&S of autism restricted activities and interests
Attachment or extreme fascination with objects that move or spin, stereotype body movements and verbalizations, only eating specific foods, self-injurious behavior
38
Treatment of autism
yearly checkups, CBT, early intervention program,
39
Medications of autism Goal
antipsychotic, SSRI/beta blocker relief of targeted irritability symptoms: aggression
40
Definition of intellectual disability
Intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains.D
41
Diagnosis of intellectual disability
IQ tests. Presence of deficits in intellectual and adaptive domains
42
Genetic factors of intellectual disability
inborn errors of metabolism, chromosomal disorders, single-gene abnormalities
43
Pregnancy and perinatal factors of intellectual disability
fetal malnutrition, prematurity, trauma to the head during process of birth maternal ingestion of alcohol, maternal illnesses and infections during pregnancy, complications of pregnancy
44
General medical conditions acquired in infancy or childhood that causes intellectual disability
meningitis and encephalitis, poisonings, physical trauma
45
Sociocultural factors and other mental disorders that cause intellectual disorder
deprivation of nurturance and social stimulation and to impoverished environment
46
Levels of Intellectual disability
Mild 50-70 Moderate 35-49 Severe 20-34 Profound < 20
47
ADL capabilities of Intellectual disability
Mild: independent Moderate: perform some activities independently Severe: Elementary hygiene skills. Require supervision Profound: Require aid & supervision. ADL inability
48
Cognitive/educational capabilities Intellectual disability
Mild: 6th grade level Moderate: 2nd grade level Severe: Unable to benefit Profound: Understand if one-to-one relationship, may respond
49
Social/Communication capabilities Intellectual disability
Mild: Dev. social skills Moderate: Some limitations in speech. Difficulty adhering to social convention Severe: minimal verbal skills, acting-out behavior Profound: little. no capacity for socialization
50
Psychomotor capabilities Intellectual disability
Mild: not affected, problems with coordination Moderate: Fair, unskilled gross motor Severe: poor psychomotor dev. Able to only perform simple tasks Profound: lack of ability for fine or gross motor
51
Treatment of Intellectual disability
physical therapy, ot, speech therapy, counseling, no meds
52
Definition of Tourette's disorder
Presence of multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics, which may appear simultaneously or a t different periods during the illness. May cause distress or interfere with social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
53
Causes/Risk factors of Tourette
Genetics: ADHD and OCD Biochemical factors: abnormalities in dopamine and norepinephrine Structural factors: abnormalities in frontal lobes
54
Environmental factors of Tourette's disorder
Maternal alcohol use, low birth weight, complications during childbirth, and infection
55
Vocal tics of Tourette's disorder
Squeaks, grunts, barks, sniffs, snorts, coughs, and uttering of obscenities Palilalia, echolalia, repeating certain words or phrases out of context
56
Simple motor tics
neck jerking, shoulder shrugging, and facial grimacing
57
Complex motor tics
squatting, hopping, skipping, tapping, and retracing steps
58
S&S of Tourette's disorder
Motor tics Vocal tics Difficulties with reading, writing , and arithmetic
59
Treatment of Tourette's disorder
Anti psychotics: control of tics and vocal utterances. EPS symptoms Atypical anti psychotics: less side effects Alpha agonist: anithypertensive agents
60
Behavioral therapy
Positive reinforcement encourage repetition of desirable behaviors, and aversive reinforcements discourage repetition of undesirable behaviors
61
Family therapy
Parents should be involved in designing and implementing treatment plan and involved in all aspects of treatment
62
Group therapy
Provides children and adolescents opportunity to interact with peers of similarity
63
Psychopharmacology
Used in conjunction with therapy

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